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A typical fluid catalytic cracking unit in a petroleum refinery. Fluid catalytic cracking (FCC) is the conversion process used in petroleum refineries to convert the high-boiling point, high-molecular weight hydrocarbon fractions of petroleum (crude oils) into gasoline, alkene gases, and other petroleum products.
Fluid catalytic cracking is a commonly used process, and a modern oil refinery will typically include a cat cracker, particularly at refineries in the US, due to the high demand for gasoline. [10] [11] [12] The process was first used around 1942 and employs a powdered catalyst. During WWII, the Allied Forces had plentiful supplies of the ...
Conradson carbon residue, commonly known as "Concarbon" or "CCR", is a laboratory test used to provide an indication of the coke-forming tendencies of an oil.. Quantitatively, the test measures the amount of carbonaceous residue remaining after the oil's evaporation
The first large scale commercial implementation, in the early 1940s, was the fluid catalytic cracking (FCC) process, [1] which converted heavier petroleum cuts into gasoline. Carbon-rich "coke" deposits on the catalyst particles and deactivates the catalyst in less than 1 second.
Equilibrium Catalyst refers to the deactivated or spent catalyst after use in a chemical reaction.. The main player in oil refining processes such as fluid catalytic cracking (FCC), hydroprocessing, hydrocracking is the catalyst or zeolitic material, that breaks down complex and long-chain hydrocarbons into simple, useful hydrocarbons.
A schematic diagram of the power recovery system in a fluid catalytic cracking unit. The combustion flue gas from the catalyst regenerator of a fluid catalytic cracker is at a temperature of about 715 °C and at a pressure of about 2.4 barg (240 kPa gauge).
Naphtha, natural gas, refinery off-gas and gas from cokers and thermal crackers are good sources. Thus natural gas is one of the most wanted feed stocks for petrochemicals production. The thermal cracking of natural gas proceeds at very high temperature resulting in olefins (Mostly ethylene/propylene). The temperature in a gas cracker exceeds ...
In the field of catalysis, zeolites is an emerging topic where the mesoporosity as a function of the catalyst is studied to improve its performance for use in Fluid catalytic cracking.