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  2. Vergence (optics) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vergence_(optics)

    Light does not actually consist of imaginary rays and light sources are not single-point sources, thus vergence is typically limited to simple ray modeling of optical systems. In a real system, the vergence is a product of the diameter of a light source, its distance from the optics, and the curvature of the optical surfaces.

  3. Real image - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Real_image

    In optics, an image is defined as the collection of focus points of light rays coming from an object. A real image is the collection of focus points actually made by converging/diverging rays, while a virtual image is the collection of focus points made by extensions of diverging or converging rays. In other words, a real image is an image ...

  4. Virtual image - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Virtual_image

    Solid blue lines indicate (real) light rays and dashed blue lines indicate backward extension of the real rays. In optics, the image of an object is defined as the collection of focus points of light rays coming from the object. A real image is the collection of focus points made by converging rays, while a virtual image is the collection of ...

  5. Point source - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Point_source

    Gamma ray and X-ray sources may be treated as a point source if sufficiently small. Radiological contamination and nuclear sources are often point sources. This has significance in health physics and radiation protection. Examples: Radio antennas are often smaller than one wavelength, even though they are many meters across

  6. Ray (optics) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ray_(optics)

    A light ray is a line (straight or curved) that is perpendicular to the light's wavefronts; its tangent is collinear with the wave vector. Light rays in homogeneous media are straight. They bend at the interface between two dissimilar media and may be curved in a medium in which the refractive index changes.

  7. Geometrical optics - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geometrical_optics

    The phenomenon is studied in the field of gradient-index optics. [4] A ray tracing diagram for a simple converging lens. A device which produces converging or diverging light rays due to refraction is known as a lens. Thin lenses produce focal points on either side that can be modeled using the lensmaker's equation. [5]

  8. Optical power - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Optical_power

    In optics, optical power (also referred to as dioptric power, refractive power, focusing power, or convergence power) is the degree to which a lens, mirror, or other optical system converges or diverges light. It is equal to the reciprocal of the focal length of the device: P = 1/f. [1]

  9. Ray transfer matrix analysis - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ray_transfer_matrix_analysis

    A light ray enters a component crossing its input plane at a distance x 1 from the optical axis, traveling in a direction that makes an angle θ 1 with the optical axis. After propagation to the output plane that ray is found at a distance x 2 from the optical axis and at an angle θ 2 with respect to it.