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Ibn Saud (seated) with his sons Prince Faisal (left) and Prince Saud in the early 1950s Ibn Saud (seated left) with his brother-in-law Mubarak Al Sabah [67] in Kuwait, 1910. Ibn Saud was very tall for a Saudi man of his time, [68] his height reported as between 1.85 (6 ft 1 in) [69] [70] and 1.88 (6 ft 2 in). [71]
Muhammad bin Saud Al Muqrin Al Saud (Arabic: محمد بن سعود آل مقرن, romanized: Muḥammad bin Suʿūd Āl Muqrin; 1687–1765), also known as Ibn Saud, was the emir of Diriyah and is considered the founder of the First Saudi State and the Saud dynasty, named after his father, Saud bin Muhammad Al Muqrin. [1]
The Shia religious community leaders of al-Hasa negotiated a surrender and recognition of the Saudi political authority in exchange for leniency and religious freedom, which was granted at the time by Ibn Saud. [1] The Ottomans swiftly acknowledged the loss of al-Hasa, and recognized al-Hasa and Nejd as being under the rule of Ibn Saud. [2]
However, by the early 1960s, an intense rivalry between the King and his half-brother, Prince Faisal, emerged, fueled by doubts in the royal family over Saud's competence. As a consequence, Saud was deposed in favor of Faisal in 1964. [32] The mid-1960s saw external pressures generated by Saudi-Egyptian differences over Yemen.
In 1805 Saud's supremacy was also recognized by the rulers of Qawasim and Muscat, and Saud managed to capture a part of Oman. [13] The same year he also annexed the Buraimi Oasis. [13] Saud's forces transformed the Kaaba in Mecca and destroyed the tombs of numerous religious figures in Medina in accordance with Wahhabi theology. [16]
Ibn Sa'd was born in 784/785 CE (168 AH) [5] and died on 16 February 845 CE (230 AH). [5] Ibn Sa'd was from Basra, [2] but lived mostly in Baghdad, hence the nisba al-Basri and al-Baghdadi respectively. He is said to have died at the age of 62 in Baghdad and was buried in the cemetery of the Syrian gate. [6]
From 1927 to 1932, Ibn Saud administered the two main portions of his realm, Nejd and the Hejaz, as separate units. On 23 September 1932, Ibn Saud proclaimed the union of his dominions into the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. Ibn Saud's eldest son Saud became crown prince in 1933. [40]
Historians note that in his alliance with the House of Saud, Muhammad ibn Abd al-Wahhab called for the state to have an "imam" (religious leader, himself) and an "emir" (military leader, Ibn Saud). [56] However, the third head of the House of Saud used the title "Imam", and Saudi kings have served in this role since. [57] [58]