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Anatomical variations are mainly caused by genetics and may vary considerably between different populations. The rate of variation considerably differs between single organs, particularly in muscles. [2] Knowledge of anatomical variations is important in order to distinguish them from pathological conditions.
This article lists anatomical variations that are not deemed inherently pathological. This list is incomplete ; you can help by adding missing items . ( December 2013 )
Evolutionary psychology primarily uses the theories of natural selection, sexual selection, and inclusive fitness to explain the evolution of psychological adaptations. Evolutionary psychology is sometimes seen not simply as a subdiscipline of psychology but as a metatheoretical framework in which the entire field of psychology can be examined. [4]
Evolutionary physiology is the study of the biological evolution of physiological structures and processes; that is, the manner in which the functional characteristics of organisms have responded to natural selection or sexual selection or changed by random genetic drift across multiple generations during the history of a population or species. [2]
Zoonomia; or the Laws of Organic Life (1794–96) is a two-volume medical work by Erasmus Darwin dealing with pathology, anatomy, psychology, and the functioning of the body. Its primary framework is one of associationist psychophysiology. [1]
Developmental explanations for changes in individuals, from DNA to their current form Mechanism. Mechanistic explanations for how an organism's structures work Evolutionary. Why a species evolved the structures (adaptations) it has Phylogeny. The history of the evolution of sequential changes in a species over many generations Adaptation
These dietary changes may also have altered human biology; the spread of dairy farming provided a new and rich source of food, leading to the evolution of the ability to digest lactose in some adults. [228] [229] The types of food consumed, and how they are prepared, have varied widely by time, location, and culture. [230] [231]
Evolutionary psychiatry, also known as Darwinian Psychiatry, [1] [2] is a theoretical approach to psychiatry that aims to explain psychiatric disorders in evolutionary terms. [3] [4] As a branch of the field of evolutionary medicine, it is distinct from the medical practice of psychiatry in its emphasis on providing scientific explanations rather than treatments for mental disorder.