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The Serial Line Internet Protocol (SLIP) [1] [2] is an encapsulation of the Internet Protocol [a] designed to work over serial ports and router connections. It is documented in RFC 1055 . On personal computers, SLIP has largely been replaced by the Point-to-Point Protocol (PPP), which is better engineered, has more features, and does not ...
Modern high speed serial interfaces such as PCIe [2] [3] [4] send data several bits at a time using modulation/encoding techniques such as PAM4 which groups 2 bits at a time into a single symbol, and several symbols are still sent one at the time. This replaces PAM2 or non return to zero (NRZ) which only sends one bit at a time, or in other ...
A Queued Serial Peripheral Interface (QSPI; different to but has same abbreviation as Quad SPI described in § Quad SPI) is a type of SPI controller that uses a data queue to transfer data across an SPI bus. [19]
Most serial communications designs send the data bits within each byte least significant bit first. Also possible, but rarely used, is most significant bit first; this was used, for example, by the IBM 2741 printing terminal. The order of bits is not usually configurable within the serial port interface but is defined by the host system.
An example schematic with one controller (a microcontroller), three target nodes (an ADC, a DAC, and a microcontroller), and pull-up resistors R p. I 2 C uses only two signals: serial data line (SDA) and serial clock line (SCL). Both are bidirectional and pulled up with resistors. [3]
Asynchronous start-stop is the lower data-link layer used to connect computers to modems for many dial-up Internet access applications, using a second (encapsulating) data link framing protocol such as PPP to create packets made up out of asynchronous serial characters. The most common physical layer interface used is RS-232D.
This was an early example of a medium-scale integrated circuit. Another popular chip was the SCN2651 from the Signetics 2650 family. An example of an early 1980s UART was the National Semiconductor 8250 used in the original IBM PC's Asynchronous Communications Adapter card. [5] In the 1990s, newer UARTs were developed with on-chip buffers.
For example, on the original IBM PC, a male D-sub was an RS-232-C DTE port (with a non-standard current loop interface on reserved pins), but the female D-sub connector on the same PC model was used for the parallel "Centronics" printer port. Some personal computers put non-standard voltages or signals on some pins of their serial ports.