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Linothorax armor made out of linen fabric was the most common form of infantry torso armor, being cheap and relatively light. Bronze breastplate armor was also used, in forms such as a bell cuirass. Little other armor was worn, and fatal blows to unprotected areas (such as the bladder or neck) are recorded in ancient art and poetry. [12]
Bronze scales were found at Mycenae and Troy; scale armour, the oldest form of metal body armor, was used widely throughout the eastern Mediterranean and the Near East. In May 1960 [4] Swedish archaeologists discovered the earliest example of a beaten bronze cuirass at Dendra, dated at the end of the 15th century BC. [5]
A representative piece of Mycenaean armor is the Dendra panoply (c. 1450–1400 BC) which consisted of a cuirass of a complete set made up of several elements of bronze. [26] It was flexible and comfortable enough to be used for fighting on foot, [27] while the total weight of the armor is around 18 kg (about 40 lb). [28]
The hoplite army consisted of heavy infantrymen. Their armour, also called panoply, was sometimes made of full bronze for those who could afford it, weighing nearly 32 kilograms (70 lb), although linen armor now known as linothorax was more common since it was cost-effective and provided decent protection. The average farmer-peasant hoplite ...
Originally made from hammered bronze plate, boiled leather also came to be used. [citation needed] It is commonly depicted in Greek and Roman art, where it is worn by generals, emperors, and deities during periods when soldiers used other types. In Roman sculpture, the muscle cuirass is often highly ornamented with mythological scenes ...
A bronze helmet and muscle cuirass of an ancient Greek panoply, on display at the Rijksmuseum van Oudheden. A panoply is a complete suit of armor.The word represents the Ancient Greek πανοπλία (panoplía), where the word πᾶν (pân) means "all", and ὅπλον (hóplon) means "arms".
Bronze Corinthian helmet, c. 500 BCE, Staatliche Antikensammlungen (Inv. 4330) The Corinthian helmet originated in ancient Greece and took its name from the city-state of Corinth. It was a helmet made of bronze which in its later styles covered the entire head and neck, with slits for the eyes and mouth. A large curved projection protected the ...
A manica (Latin: manica, "sleeve"; [1] Greek: χεῖρες, kheires, "sleeves") was a type of iron or copper-alloy laminated arm guard with curved, overlapping metal segments or plates fastened to leather straps worn by ancient and late antique heavy cavalry, infantry, and gladiators.