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A package insert from 1970, with Ovrette brand contraception pills. A package insert is a document included in the package of a medication that provides information about that drug and its use. For prescription medications, the insert is technical, providing information for medical professionals about how to prescribe the drug.
However, people with medical conditions may need to have contraceptive options tailored around their specific needs. [1] Resources exist for patients and providers to help tailor methods. One example of a resource is the Medical Eligibility Criteria for Contraceptive Use (MEC), [2] [3] which exists in multiple formats.
Conversely, combined oral contraceptive pills containing ethinylestradiol have considerable effects on coagulation and fibrinolysis. [27] The differences can be attributed to the lack of the first-pass effect with parenteral administration as well as structural and pharmacological differences between estradiol and ethinylestradiol.
Examples of contraindications to estrogen-containing methods of contraception include relatively common conditions such as hypertension, migraine headaches with aura, or a history of pulmonary embolism or deep vein thrombosis. [37] On the other hand, progestogen-only pills are safe for use by all these groups. [38]
Estradiol-containing birth control pills, which contain 1 to 3 mg/day estradiol or estradiol valerate, have been found to increase sex hormone-binding globulin (SHBG) levels by 1.5-fold. [ 101 ] [ 102 ] Oral estradiol valerate at 6 mg/day has been found to increase SHBG levels by 2.5- to 3-fold in transgender women .
Contraindications include an allergy to the medication, pregnancy, prior liver problems, abnormal vaginal bleeding of unclear cause, ovarian cysts other than those due to polycystic ovarian syndrome, unmanaged adrenal or thyroid problems, and pituitary tumors.
A contraceptive implant is an implantable medical device used for the purpose of birth control. The implant may depend on the timed release of hormones to hinder ovulation or sperm development, the ability of copper to act as a natural spermicide within the uterus , or it may work using a non-hormonal, physical blocking mechanism.
The copper IUD is the most effective form of emergency contraception, more effective than oral hormonal emergency contraception, including mifepristone, ulipristal acetate, and levonorgestrel. [18] [19] Efficacy is not affected by user weight. [11] The pregnancy rate among those using the copper IUD for emergency contraception is 0.09%.