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The term solid-state became popular at the beginning of the semiconductor era in the 1960s to distinguish this new technology. A semiconductor device works by controlling an electric current consisting of electrons or holes moving within a solid crystalline piece of semiconducting material such as silicon, while the thermionic vacuum tubes it replaced worked by controlling a current of ...
Solid-state physics is the study of rigid matter, or solids, through methods such as solid-state chemistry, quantum mechanics, crystallography, electromagnetism, and metallurgy. It is the largest branch of condensed matter physics. Solid-state physics studies how the large-scale properties of solid materials result from their atomic-scale ...
The minimal chunk size (page) for a read operation is much smaller than the minimal chunk size (block) for a write/erase operation, resulting in an undesirable phenomenon called write amplification that limits the random write performance and write endurance of a flash-based storage device. Some solid-state storage devices use RAM and a battery ...
A solid-state drive (SSD) is a type of solid-state storage device that uses integrated circuits to store data persistently. It is sometimes called semiconductor storage device, solid-state device, or solid-state disk. [1] [2] SSDs rely on non-volatile memory, typically NAND flash, to store data in memory cells. The performance and endurance of ...
A solid-state battery (SSB) is an electrical battery that uses a solid electrolyte to conduct ions between the electrodes, instead of the liquid or gel polymer electrolytes found in conventional batteries. [1] Solid-state batteries theoretically offer much higher energy density than the typical lithium-ion or lithium polymer batteries. [2]
Outlines of some packaged semiconductor devices. A semiconductor device is an electronic component that relies on the electronic properties of a semiconductor material (primarily silicon, germanium, and gallium arsenide, as well as organic semiconductors) for its function. Its conductivity lies between conductors and insulators.
Early solid-state pinball machines made use of these to control lights, solenoids, and other functions electronically, instead of mechanically, hence the name solid-state. Other applications include power switching circuits, controlled rectifiers, speed control of DC shunt motors, SCR crowbars, computer logic circuits, timing circuits, and ...
Band theory has been successfully used to explain many physical properties of solids, such as electrical resistivity and optical absorption, and forms the foundation of the understanding of all solid-state devices (transistors, solar cells, etc.).