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However, if data is a DataFrame, then data['a'] returns all values in the column(s) named a. To avoid this ambiguity, Pandas supports the syntax data.loc['a'] as an alternative way to filter using the index. Pandas also supports the syntax data.iloc[n], which always takes an integer n and returns the nth value, counting from 0. This allows a ...
To use column-major order in a row-major environment, or vice versa, for whatever reason, one workaround is to assign non-conventional roles to the indexes (using the first index for the column and the second index for the row), and another is to bypass language syntax by explicitly computing positions in a one-dimensional array.
Matplotlib-animation [11] capabilities are intended for visualizing how certain data changes. However, one can use the functionality in any way required. These animations are defined as a function of frame number (or time). In other words, one defines a function that takes a frame number as input and defines/updates the matplotlib-figure based ...
A traditional program is usually represented as a series of text instructions, which is reasonable for describing a serial system which pipes data between small, single-purpose tools that receive, process, and return. Dataflow programs start with an input, perhaps the command line parameters, and illustrate how that data is used and modified ...
The use of Parallel Coordinates as a visualization technique to show data is also often said to have originated earlier with Henry Gannett in work preceding the Statistical Atlas of the United States for the 1890 Census, for example his "General Summary, Showing the Rank of States, by Ratios, 1880", [2] that shows the rank of 10 measures ...
The goal of matching is to reduce bias for the estimated treatment effect in an observational-data study, by finding, for every treated unit, one (or more) non-treated unit(s) with similar observable characteristics against which the covariates are balanced out (similar to the K-nearest neighbors algorithm).
Template matching [1] is a technique in digital image processing for finding small parts of an image which match a template image. It can be used for quality control in manufacturing, [2] navigation of mobile robots, [3] or edge detection in images.
One solution using the even-odd rule is to transform (complex) polygons into simpler ones that are even-odd-equivalent before the intersection check. [10] This, however, is computationally expensive. It is less expensive to use the fast non-zero winding number algorithm, which gives the correct result even when the polygon overlaps itself.