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Treatment for blue baby syndrome will depend on the underlying cause. When evaluating a patient for cyanosis or respiratory distress, vital signs should be monitored, especially the patient's heart rate and oxygen saturation. It is beneficial to have vascular access established.
Peripheral cyanosis is the blue tint in fingers or extremities, due to an inadequate or obstructed circulation. [5] The blood reaching the extremities is not oxygen-rich and when viewed through the skin a combination of factors can lead to the appearance of a blue color .
There is no standard medical or surgical treatment for acrocyanosis, and treatment, other than reassurance and avoidance of cold, is usually unnecessary. The patient is reassured that no serious illness is present. A sympathectomy would alleviate the cyanosis by disrupting the fibers of the sympathetic nervous system to the area. [3]
Other symptoms include a heart murmur which may range from almost imperceptible to very loud, difficulty in feeding, failure to gain weight, retarded growth and physical development, labored breathing (dyspnea) on exertion, clubbing of the fingers and toes, and polycythemia. [2] The baby may turn blue with breastfeeding or crying. [2]
Methemoglobinemia, or methaemoglobinaemia, is a condition of elevated methemoglobin in the blood. [2] Symptoms may include headache, dizziness, shortness of breath, nausea, poor muscle coordination, and blue-colored skin (cyanosis). [2]
Livedo reticularis is a common skin finding consisting of a mottled reticulated vascular pattern that appears as a lace-like purplish discoloration of the skin. [1] The discoloration is caused by reduction in blood flow through the arterioles that supply the cutaneous capillaries, resulting in deoxygenated blood showing as blue discoloration ().
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Symptoms frequently present early in life, but it is possible for some CHDs to go undetected throughout life. [15] Some children have no signs while others may exhibit shortness of breath, cyanosis , fainting , [ 16 ] heart murmur , under-development of limbs and muscles, poor feeding or growth, or respiratory infections.