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The Switchboard Telephone Speech Corpus is a corpus of spoken English language consisted of almost 260 hours of speech. It was created in 1990 by Texas Instruments via a DARPA grant, and released in 1992 by NIST. The corpus contains 2,400 telephone conversations among 543 US speakers (302 male, 241 female).
There is an impressive history of research suggesting that empathy, when activated, causes people to act in ways to benefit the other, such as receiving electric shocks for the other. [17] These findings have often been interpreted in terms of empathy causing increased altruistic motivation, which in turn causes helping behavior.
Reflective listening arose from Carl Rogers's school of client-centered therapy in counseling theory. [1]It is a practice of expressing genuine understanding in response to a speaker as opposed to word-for-word regurgitation. [1]
Roots of Empathy (ROE) is an evidence-based classroom program that started in Toronto, Canada. The program consists of guided observations of an infant's development and emotions by elementary school children. The project began in 1996, and was established by Mary Gordon, [1] a Canadian social entrepreneur and educator. The project has since ...
Making and maintaining friendships and relationships because of delayed language development; Distinguishing offensive remarks; According to Bishop and Norbury (2002), children with semantic pragmatic disorder can have fluent, complex articulated expressive language but exhibit problems with the way their language is used.
Shriberg (1993) [13] proposed a model for speech sound acquisition known as the Early, Middle, and Late 8 based on 64 children with speech delays ages 3 to 6 years. Shriberg proposed that there were three stages of phoneme development. Using a profile of "consonant mastery" he developed the following: Early 8 – /m, b, j, n, w, d, p, h/
Because speech style and language is an important factor in defining social groups, divergence in speech style or language is often used to maintain intergroup distinctiveness and differentiate from the out-group, especially when group membership is a salient issue or the individual's identity and group membership is being threatened.
Some language development experts have characterized child directed speech in stages. Primarily, the parents use repetition and also variation to maintain the infant's attention. Secondly, the parent simplifies speech to help in language learning. Third, any speech modifications maintain the responsiveness of the child.