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The Chinese remainder theorem is widely used for computing with large integers, as it allows replacing a computation for which one knows a bound on the size of the result by several similar computations on small integers. The Chinese remainder theorem (expressed in terms of congruences) is true over every principal ideal domain.
The idea for the general proof follows the above supplemental case: Find an algebraic integer that somehow encodes the Legendre symbols for p, then find a relationship between Legendre symbols by computing the qth power of this algebraic integer modulo q in two different ways, one using Euler's criterion the other using the binomial theorem.
Counterexamples by Fujiwara and Sudo show that the Hasse–Minkowski theorem is not extensible to forms of degree 10n + 5, where n is a non-negative integer. [ 8 ] On the other hand, Birch's theorem shows that if d is any odd natural number, then there is a number N ( d ) such that any form of degree d in more than N ( d ) variables represents ...
Modular multiplicative inverses are used to obtain a solution of a system of linear congruences that is guaranteed by the Chinese Remainder Theorem. For example, the system X ≡ 4 (mod 5) X ≡ 4 (mod 7) X ≡ 6 (mod 11) has common solutions since 5,7 and 11 are pairwise coprime. A solution is given by
The theoretical way solutions modulo the prime powers are combined to make solutions modulo n is called the Chinese remainder theorem; it can be implemented with an efficient algorithm. [30] For example: Solve x 2 ≡ 6 (mod 15). x 2 ≡ 6 (mod 3) has one solution, 0; x 2 ≡ 6 (mod 5) has two, 1 and 4. and there are two solutions modulo 15 ...
The Chinese remainder theorem appears as an exercise [16] in Sunzi Suanjing (between the third and fifth centuries). [17] (There is one important step glossed over in Sunzi's solution: [note 4] it is the problem that was later solved by Āryabhaṭa's Kuṭṭaka – see below.)
Using the Chinese remainder theorem, it suffices to evaluate modulo different primes , …, with a product at least . Each prime can be taken to be roughly log M = O ( d m log q ) {\displaystyle \log M=O(dm\log q)} , and the number of primes needed, ℓ {\displaystyle \ell } , is roughly the same.
If m and n are coprime, then π (mn) is the least common multiple of π (m) and π (n), by the Chinese remainder theorem. For example, π (3) = 8 and π (4) = 6 imply π (12) = 24. Thus the study of Pisano periods may be reduced to that of Pisano periods of prime powers q = p k, for k ≥ 1. If p is prime, π (p k) divides p k–1 π (p).