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Hydroquinone, also known as benzene-1,4-diol or quinol, is an aromatic organic compound that is a type of phenol, a derivative of benzene, having the chemical formula C 6 H 4 (OH) 2. It has two hydroxyl groups bonded to a benzene ring in a para position.
Hydroquinone is a commonly used agent in skin whiteners. The European Union banned it from cosmetics in 2000. [9] It works by decreasing melanin production. [9] Tretinoin, also known as all-trans retinoic acid, may be used to whiten specific areas. [6] It may be used in combination with steroids and hydroquinone. [6]
Hydroquinone is the compound most frequently used in skin-whitening products. Due to concerns about its side effects, it was almost banned by the FDA in 2006, as medical issues of carcinogenicity and reports of disfiguring ochronosis existed. [10] In the European Union hydroquinone has been banned in cosmetic creams since 2000. [11]
Azelaic acid, which this product is formulated with, is a great over-the-counter (and pregnancy-safe) alternative to prescription hydroquinone, an old-school treatment for melasma. “[Azelaic ...
Hydroquinone is used to reduce the activated silver ions to metallic silver. During this process, hydroquinone is oxidized to quinone. All silver halide not activated by light or reduced by hydroquinone is removed, leaving a negative by deposited silver where the film had been struck by light.
[18] [19] Hydroquinone was the most commonly prescribed hyperpigmentation treatment before the long-term safety concerns were raised, [20] and the use of it became more regulated in several countries and discouraged in general by WHO. [21] For the US, only 2% is at present sold over-the-counter, and 4% needs prescription.
The beetles' glands store enough hydroquinone and hydrogen peroxide to allow the beetle to release its chemical spray roughly 20 times. In some cases this is enough to kill a predator. [ 6 ] The main component of the beetle spray is 1,4-benzoquinone, an irritant to the eyes and the respiratory system of vertebrates.
This is the list of extremely hazardous substances defined in Section 302 of the U.S. Emergency Planning and Community Right-to-Know Act (42 U.S.C. § 11002).The list can be found as an appendix to 40 CFR 355. [1]
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