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The history of life on Earth traces the processes by which living and extinct organisms evolved, from the earliest emergence of life to the present day. Earth formed about 4.5 billion years ago (abbreviated as Ga, for gigaannum) and evidence suggests that life emerged prior to 3.7 Ga. [1] [2] [3] The similarities among all known present-day species indicate that they have diverged through the ...
The first known mass extinction was the Great Oxidation Event 2.4 billion years ago, which killed most of the planet's obligate anaerobes. Researchers have identified five other major extinction events in Earth's history, with estimated losses below: [11] End Ordovician: 440 million years ago, 86% of all species lost, including graptolites
Dating back to Anaxagoras in the 5th century BC, panspermia [29] is the idea that life originated elsewhere in the universe and came to Earth. The modern version of panspermia holds that life may have been distributed to Earth by meteoroids , asteroids , comets [ 30 ] or planetoids . [ 31 ]
They first appeared in the fossil record around 66 million years ago, soon after the Cretaceous–Paleogene extinction event that eliminated about three-quarters of plant and animal species on Earth, including most dinosaurs. [25] [26] One of the last Plesiadapiformes is Carpolestes simpsoni, having grasping digits but not forward-facing eyes.
With the start of a new year on Jan. 1, 2025, comes the emergence of a new generation. 2025 marks the end of Generation Alpha and the start of Generation Beta, a cohort that will include all ...
His consciousness floats out of his body, away from Earth, beyond our galaxy. Before the man is brought back to life, he sees our entire universe as a speck in an immense hand. [6] Sterling was an avid reader of Edgar Allan Poe's writings, so Poe's last book Eureka: A Prose Poem may have influenced "The Testimony of the Suns."
Gen Z was born between 1997 and 2012 and is considered the first generation to have largely grown up using the internet, modern technology and social media.
The oldest surviving speculative fiction poem is the Tale of the Shipwrecked Sailor, [8] [better source needed] written in Hieratic and ascribed a date around 2500 BCE. The oldest surviving epic poem, the Epic of Gilgamesh , dates from the 3rd millennium BCE in Sumer (in Mesopotamia , present-day Iraq ), and was written in cuneiform script on ...