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A movement led by Allama Iqbal and ultimately Muhammad Ali Jinnah, who originally fought for Muslim rights within India, later felt a separate homeland must be obtained for India's Muslims in order to achieve prosperity. They espoused the Two-Nation Theory, that India was in fact home to the Muslim and Hindu nations, who were distinct in every way.
Muslim rule in India saw a major shift in the cultural, linguistic, and religious makeup of the subcontinent. [9] Persian and Arabic vocabulary began to enter local languages, giving way to modern Punjabi, Bengali, and Gujarati, while creating new languages including Hindustani and its dialect, Deccani , used as official languages under Muslim ...
Expansion of trade brought India into contact with Islam. Arab traders settled in Indian ports. In the seventh century, they converted to Islam, giving rise to small Muslim communities. These communities grew due to Indian conversions and because Hindu kings of south India (such as the Cholas) hired Muslim mercenaries. [165]
Islam is India's second-largest religion, with 14.2% of the country's population, or approximately 172.2 million people, identifying as adherents of Islam in a 2011 census. [7] India also has the third-largest number of Muslims in the world. [8] [9] The majority of India's Muslims are Sunni, with Shia making up around 15% of the Muslim ...
Map showing the Muslim population based on percentage in India, 1909. The two-nation theory was an ideology of religious nationalism that advocated Muslim Indian nationhood, with separate homelands for Indian Muslims and Indian Hindus within a decolonised British India, which ultimately led to the partition of India in 1947. [1]
Muslim Jamaat; All India Muslim Personal Law Board; Jamiat Ulema-e-Hind; All India Ulema & Mashaikh Board; Ahle Sunnat Movement in South Asia; Raza Academy; All India Shia Personal Law Board; Indian Muslim nationalism; Muslim chronicles for Indian history; All India Majlis-e-Ittehadul Muslimeen; Samastha Samastha Kerala Jem-iyyathul Ulama (1926 ...
The movement is noted to have played a role in boosting unity among Hindus and Muslims. The Congress supported the movement in response to the divide and rule strategy by the British. [ 33 ] The period of 1919-1922 is widely seen as the heyday of Hindu-Muslim unity. [ 12 ]
Mohammed Abdur Rahiman always opposed the Two-Nation Theory of the All-India Muslim League and he was the leader of Nationalist Muslims in Kerala. [10] [11] His last days were spent convening meetings and creating awareness among Muslims against the division of India. For this, he suffered a lot from the Muslim League Party in Malabar.