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The Scoville scale is a measurement of pungency (spiciness or "heat") of chili peppers and other substances, recorded in Scoville heat units (SHU). It is based on the concentration of capsaicinoids , among which capsaicin is the predominant component.
The technique utilizes high-performance liquid chromatography to identify and measure the concentrations of the various compounds that produce a heat sensation. Scoville units are roughly 1 ⁄ 15 the size of pungency units while measuring capsaicin, so a rough conversion is to multiply pungency by 15 to obtain Scoville heat units. [108]
Structural formula Name Scoville heat units Abbreviation Reference Resiniferatoxin: 16,000,000,000 RTX [2] [3] [4]Tinyatoxin: 5,300,000,000 TTX or TTN [4]Phenylacetylrinvanil
heat = Low or heat = low: in terms of chilli peppers, this would suit a Scoville rating between 1,000-3,999. heat = Medium or heat = medium: in terms of chilli peppers, this would suit a Scoville rating between 4,000-9,999. heat = Hot or heat = hot: in terms of chilli peppers, this would suit a Scoville rating between 9,999-49,999. heat = Very ...
In their report, Bosland et al. call it a "novel discovery that these 'super-hot' chili peppers have developed accessorial vesicles on the pericarp tissue in addition to the vesicles on the placental tissue, thus leading to exceedingly high Scoville heat units for these plants." [7]
Scoville heat ratings vary depending on batch. However, many companies do not disclose numeric ratings for their products at all. "Extra hot" versions may be advertised as several times hotter than the original, without specifying the heat of the original. Some companies do not disclose which peppers are used.
The Trinidad Moruga scorpion (a cultivar of Capsicum chinense) is a chili pepper native to the village of Moruga, Trinidad and Tobago.In 2012, New Mexico State University's Chile Pepper Institute identified the Trinidad Moruga scorpion as the hottest chili pepper at that time, with heat of 1.2 million Scoville heat units (SHUs).
The Naga Viper pepper is a hot chili pepper developed in England. In 2011, it was recorded as the "World's Hottest Chili" by the Guinness World Records with a rating of 1,382,118 Scoville heat units (SHU), [1] but was surpassed in SHU by the Carolina Reaper, in 2017, and again by the latest world record holder Pepper X in 2023.