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1 the pronouns tum and āp can be used in both singular and plural sense by adding plural indicator words like sab (all) and log (people), akin to the English pronouns you and y'all. 2 the contrafactual mood serves as both the past subjunctive and the past conditional mood.
Hindustani is extremely rich in complex verbs formed by the combinations of noun/adjective and a verb. Complex verbs are of two types: transitive and intransitive. [3]The transitive verbs are obtained by combining nouns/adjectives with verbs such as karnā 'to do', lenā 'to take', denā 'to give', jītnā 'to win' etc.
from Hindi and Urdu: An acknowledged leader in a field, from the Mughal rulers of India like Akbar and Shah Jahan, the builder of the Taj Mahal. Maharaja from Hindi and Sanskrit: A great king. Mantra from Hindi and Sanskrit: a word or phrase used in meditation. Masala from Urdu, to refer to flavoured spices of Indian origin.
The terms Hindi and Hindu trace back to Old Persian which derived these names from the Sanskrit name Sindhu (सिन्धु), referring to the Indus River. The Greek cognates of the same terms are Indus (for the river) and India (for the land of the river). [36] [37]
Early forms of present-day Hindustani developed from the Middle Indo-Aryan apabhraṃśa vernaculars of present-day North India in the 7th–13th centuries. [33] [38] Hindustani emerged as a contact language around the Ganges-Yamuna Doab (Delhi, Meerut and Saharanpur), a result of the increasing linguistic diversity that occurred during the Muslim period in the Indian subcontinent.
The following is an alphabetical (according to Hindi's alphabet) list of Sanskrit and Persian roots, stems, prefixes, and suffixes commonly used in Hindi. अ (a)
The respective writing systems used to write the language, however, are different: Hindi is written using Devanagari, whereas Urdu is written using a modified variant of the Perso-Arabic script, each of which is completely unintelligible to readers literate only in the other. [1] Both Modern Standard Hindi and Urdu are literary forms of the ...
The kinship terms of Hindustani (Hindi-Urdu) differ from the English system in certain respects. [1] In the Hindustani system, kin terms are based on gender, [2] and the difference between some terms is the degree of respect. [3] Moreover, "In Hindi and Urdu kinship terms there is clear distinction between the blood relations and affinal ...