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Substantive dyes work best on textiles with high contents of cellulose, such as cotton. In contrast to direct dyes, wool and leather goods are dyed by the process of ion exchange, exploiting the cationic nature of proteins near neutral pH. The development of substantive dyes helped make mordant dyes obsolete. [2]
Trypan blue is an azo dye. It is a direct dye for cotton textiles. [3] In biosciences, it is used as a vital stain to selectively colour dead tissues or cells blue. Live cells or tissues with intact cell membranes are not coloured. Since cells are very selective in the compounds that pass through the membrane, in a viable cell trypan blue is ...
Direct or substantive dyeing is normally carried out in a neutral or slightly alkaline dye bath, at or near boiling point, with the addition of either sodium chloride (NaCl) or sodium sulfate (Na 2 SO 4) or sodium carbonate (Na 2 CO 3). Direct dyes are used on cotton, paper, leather, wool, silk and nylon.
Also called direct dyes, substantive dyes are employed for cellulose-based textiles, which includes cotton. The dyes bind to the textile by non-electrostatic forces. In another classification, azo dyes can be classified according to the number of azo groups. Trypan blue is an example of a direct dye, used for cotton.
Cationization of cotton enables salt free dyeing and enhances the dyeability of the substrate with anionic dyes such as reactive dyes and direct dyes. Water and salt consumption are one of the major problems in the dyeing especially cotton which leads to substantial environmental impact with extra time and cost. Secondly washing off the ...
Direct red 10 22145 diazo 2429-70-1: Congo red: Cotton red Direct red 28 22120 diazo 573-58-0: Coomassie brilliant blue: Brilliant blue R Acid blue 83 42660 triarylmethane 6104-59-2: Cotton scarlet Acid red 73 27290 diazo 5413-75-2: Coumarin 7 Disperse yellow 82 Solvent yellow 145 Solvent yellow 185 551200 coumarin 27425-55-4: Crystal violet ...