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Bulbs used for headlamps, turn signals and brake lamps may be required to comply with international and national regulations governing the types of lamps used. Other automotive lighting applications such as auxiliary lamps or interior lighting may not be regulated, but common types are used by many automotive manufacturers.
Typically, bulbs of 21 to 27 watts producing 280 to 570 lumens (22 to 45 mean spherical candlepower) are used for stop, turn, reversing and rear fog lights, while bulbs of 4 to 10 W, producing 40 to 130 lm (3 to 10 mscp) are used for tail lights, parking lights, side marker lights and side turn signal repeaters.
Under ECE regulations, H1 lamps are required to emit white or selective yellow light. [1] U.S. regulations require H1 lamps to emit white light. [2] Under both ECE and U.S. specifications, the allowable range of white light is quite large; some H1 lamps have a slight blue or yellow tint to the glass yet still produce light legally acceptable under the requirement for white light.
Audi showed the Audi Nuvolari concept car with LED headlights in 2003. [119] [120] [121] Automotive headlamp applications using light-emitting diodes (LEDs) have been undergoing development since 2004. [122] [123] In 2004, Audi released the first car with LED daytime running lights and directionals, the 2004 Audi A8 W12. [124] [125]
Hard glass blocks UV and has been used extensively for the bulbs of car headlights. [24] Alternatively, the halogen lamp can be mounted inside an outer bulb, similar to an ordinary incandescent lamp, which also reduces the risks from the high bulb temperature.
However, the bright headlights have given rise to complaints about glare. [10] HID lamps are used in high-performance bicycle headlamps, as well as flashlights and other portable lights, because they produce a great amount of light per unit of power. As the HID lights use less than half the power of an equivalent tungsten-halogen light, a ...