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In analytical chemistry, potentiometric titration is a technique similar to direct titration of a redox reaction. It is a useful means of characterizing an acid . No indicator is used; instead the electric potential is measured across the analyte , typically an electrolyte solution.
A Gran plot (also known as Gran titration or the Gran method) is a common means of standardizing a titrate or titrant by estimating the equivalence volume or end point in a strong acid-strong base titration or in a potentiometric titration.
The analytical (total) concentration of a reactant R at the i th titration point is given by = + [] + where R 0 is the initial amount of R in the titration vessel, v 0 is the initial volume, [R] is the concentration of R in the burette and v i is the volume added. The burette concentration of a reactant not present in the burette is taken to be ...
In fact, since the potentiometric measurement is a non-destructive measurement, assuming that the electrode is in equilibrium with the solution, we are measuring the solution's potential. Potentiometry usually uses indicator electrodes made selectively sensitive to the ion of interest, such as fluoride in fluoride selective electrodes , so that ...
Most familiar to those who have taken chemistry during secondary education is the acid-base titration involving a color-changing indicator, such as phenolphthalein. There are many other types of titrations, for example, potentiometric titrations or precipitation titrations.
Conductometry has notable application in analytical chemistry, where conductometric titration is a standard technique. In usual analytical chemistry practice, the term conductometry is used as a synonym of conductometric titration while the term conductimetry is used to describe non-titrative applications. [ 1 ]
When all of the analyte in the sample has reacted with the titrant, the temperature of the solution will change, and the endpoint of the titration is revealed by an inflection in the temperature curve. [6] An appropriate aliquot of the sample is pipetted directly into the titration vessel, and isobutyl vinyl ether and toluene solvent are added.
Potentiometric data obtained with a glass electrode are the most widely used with aqueous solutions. The others are Spectrophotometric , Fluorescence (luminescence) measurements and NMR chemical shift measurements; [ 8 ] [ 17 ] simultaneous measurement of K and Δ H for 1:1 adducts in biological systems is routinely carried out using Isothermal ...