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The heads of departments are members of the Cabinet of the United States, an executive organ that normally acts as an advisory body to the president. In the Opinion Clause (Article II, section 2, clause 1) of the U.S. Constitution, heads of executive departments are referred to as "principal Officer in each of the executive Departments".
The heads of the executive departments and all other federal agency heads are nominated by the president and then presented to the Senate for confirmation or rejection by a simple majority (although before the use of the "nuclear option" during the 113th United States Congress, they could have been blocked by filibuster, requiring cloture to be ...
The Eisenhower Executive Office Building at night. In 1937, the Brownlow Committee, which was a presidentially commissioned panel of political science and public administration experts, recommended sweeping changes to the executive branch of the U.S. federal government, including the creation of the Executive Office of the President.
The executive branch is established in Article Two of the United States Constitution, which vests executive power in the president of the United States. [14] [15] The president is both the head of state (performing ceremonial functions) and the head of government (the chief executive). [16]
The executive branch of the federal government includes the Executive Office of the President and the United States federal executive departments (whose secretaries belong to the Cabinet). Employees of the majority of these agencies are considered civil servants .
The secretary of defense controls the Department of Defense in the way a CEO controls a business. This is often referred to as “ man, train, and equip ,” or some variation of that.
The White House cabinet secretary is a high-ranking position within the Executive Office of the President of the United States. [2] The White House cabinet secretary is the head of the Office of Cabinet Affairs (OCA) within the White House Office [2] and the primary liaison between the president of the United States and the Cabinet departments and agencies.
In semi-presidential and parliamentary systems, the head of government (i.e. executive) role is fulfilled by the listed head of government and the head of state. In one-party states , the ruling party 's leader (e.g. the General Secretary ) is usually the de facto top leader of the state, though sometimes this leader also holds the presidency ...