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Lesions of the medial dorsal and anterior nuclei of the thalami and lesions of the mammillary bodies are commonly involved in amnesic syndromes in humans. [8] Mammillary body atrophy is present in several other conditions, such as colloid cysts in the third ventricle, Alzheimer's disease, schizophrenia, heart failure, and sleep apnea. In spite ...
The limbic system, also known as the paleomammalian cortex, is a set of brain structures located on both sides of the thalamus, immediately beneath the medial temporal lobe of the cerebrum primarily in the forebrain.
The subfornical organ (SFO) is one of the circumventricular organs of the brain. [ 1 ] [ 2 ] Its name comes from its location on the ventral surface of the fornix near the interventricular foramina (foramina of Monro), which interconnect the lateral ventricles and the third ventricle .
The posterior fibers (called the postcommissural fornix) of each side continue through the hypothalamus to the mammillary bodies; then to the anterior nuclei of thalamus via the mammillothalamic tract. The anterior fibers (precommissural fornix) end at the septal nuclei of the basal forebrain and nucleus accumbens of each half of the brain.
Mammillary nuclei (part of mammillary bodies) Posterior nucleus; Lateral area Posterior part of Lateral nucleus; Surface Median eminence; Mammillary bodies; Pituitary stalk (infundibulum) Optic chiasm; Subfornical organ; Periventricular nucleus; Tuber cinereum. Tuberal nucleus; Tuberomammillary nucleus; Tuberal region; Mammillary nucleus
The mammillary bodies directly or indirectly connect to the amygdala, hippocampus, and thalami as major structures in the limbic system. [6] The mammillothalamic tract carries signals from the mammillary bodies via the anterior thalamus to support spatial memory .
The tuber cinereum is a convex mass of grey matter, [3]: 495 a ventral/inferior distention of the hypothalamus forming the floor of the third ventricle. [citation needed] The portion of the tuber cinerum at the base of the infundibulum (pituitary stalk) is the median eminence; [2] the infundibulum extends ventrally/inferiorly from the median eminence to become continuous with the infundibulum.
The mammillary bodies are an important part of the Papez circuit. If there is damage, such as loss of neurons and/or myelination, to the mammillary bodies, the Papez circuit can be severely affected. There will be a disruption in the connecting parts of the system.