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Given a function that accepts an array, a range query (,) on an array = [,..,] takes two indices and and returns the result of when applied to the subarray [, …,].For example, for a function that returns the sum of all values in an array, the range query (,) returns the sum of all values in the range [,].
Condition numbers can also be defined for nonlinear functions, and can be computed using calculus.The condition number varies with the point; in some cases one can use the maximum (or supremum) condition number over the domain of the function or domain of the question as an overall condition number, while in other cases the condition number at a particular point is of more interest.
Concretely, in the case where the vector space has an inner product, in matrix notation these can be thought of as row vectors, which give a number when applied to column vectors. We denote this by V ∗ := Hom ( V , K ) {\displaystyle V^{*}:={\text{Hom}}(V,K)} , so that α ∈ V ∗ {\displaystyle \alpha \in V^{*}} is a linear map α : V → K ...
A small change in the training data can result in a large change in the tree and consequently the final predictions. [ 30 ] The problem of learning an optimal decision tree is known to be NP-complete under several aspects of optimality and even for simple concepts.
One type of table is the frequency table, which consists of data arranged in rows and columns, where the frequency is the number of occurrences or repetitions of data. Frequency can be: [ 8 ] Absolute : represents the number of times that a determined value appear;
London is an ancient name, attested in the first century AD, usually in the Latinised form Londinium. [36] Modern scientific analyses of the name must account for the origins of the different forms found in early sources: Latin (usually Londinium), Old English (usually Lunden), and Welsh (usually Llundein), with reference to the known developments over time of sounds in those different languages.
Generated Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) from the satellite images Users of NDVI have tended to estimate a large number of vegetation properties from the value of this index. Typical examples include the Leaf Area Index , biomass , chlorophyll concentration in leaves, plant productivity, fractional vegetation cover, accumulated ...
from the insulinogenic index (IGI) and the insulin sensitivity index (ISI composite). [ 7 ] [ 8 ] The fasting-based disposition index (SPINA-DI) can be obtained from the product of the secretory capacity of pancreatic beta cells ( G β {\displaystyle G_{\beta }} or SPINA-GBeta ) times the insulin receptor gain ( G R {\displaystyle G_{R}} or ...