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In digital electronics, a tri-state or three-state buffer is a type of digital buffer that has three stable states: a high output state, a low output state, and a high-impedance state. In the high-impedance state, the output of the buffer is disconnected from the output bus, allowing other devices to drive the bus without interference from the ...
The logic of here and there (HT, also referred as Smetanov logic SmT or as Gödel G3 logic), introduced by Heyting in 1930 [21] as a model for studying intuitionistic logic, is a three-valued intermediate logic where the third truth value NF (not false) has the semantics of a proposition that can be intuitionistically proven to not be false ...
One early calculating machine, built entirely from wood by Thomas Fowler in 1840, operated in balanced ternary. [4] [5] [3] The first modern, electronic ternary computer, Setun, was built in 1958 in the Soviet Union at the Moscow State University by Nikolay Brusentsov, [6] [7] and it had notable advantages over the binary computers that eventually replaced it, such as lower electricity ...
[3] The machine operates on an infinite [4] memory tape divided into discrete cells, [5] each of which can hold a single symbol drawn from a finite set of symbols called the alphabet of the machine. It has a "head" that, at any point in the machine's operation, is positioned over one of these cells, and a "state" selected from a finite set of ...
[2] [3] In contrast, the extension of the theory of real closed fields with the sine function is undecidable since this allows encoding of the undecidable theory of integers (see Richardson's theorem). Still, one can handle the undecidable case with functions such as sine by using algorithms that do not necessarily terminate always.
Significant examples of such statements can, for example, be given by applying the Chevalley–Warning theorem, over the prime fields. The name is a little misleading as the theory has plenty of infinite models. Ax proved that the theory is decidable. Formally real fields. The axioms for fields plus, for every positive integer n, the axiom:
analethic logic A three-valued logic where the third truth value is the truth-value gap "neither true nor false" ("N"), and the designated values are "true" and "neither true nor false." [10] analysis 1. Analysis, the process of breaking a concept down into more simple parts, so that its logical structure is displayed. 2. Mathematical analysis
In mathematics and philosophy, Łukasiewicz logic (/ ˌ w ʊ k ə ˈ ʃ ɛ v ɪ tʃ / WUUK-ə-SHEV-itch, Polish: [wukaˈɕɛvitʂ]) is a non-classical, many-valued logic.It was originally defined in the early 20th century by Jan Łukasiewicz as a three-valued modal logic; [1] it was later generalized to n-valued (for all finite n) as well as infinitely-many-valued (ℵ 0-valued) variants, both ...