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Various approaches for HIV vaccine development. As of 2020, no effective vaccine for HIV or AIDS is known. [61] A single trial of the vaccine RV 144 found a partial efficacy rate around 30% and has stimulated optimism in the research community regarding developing a truly effective vaccine. [62] Further trials of the vaccine are ongoing. [63] [64]
An HIV vaccine is a potential vaccine that could be either a preventive vaccine or a therapeutic vaccine, which means it would either protect individuals from being infected with HIV or treat HIV-infected individuals. It is thought that an HIV vaccine could either induce an immune response against HIV (active vaccination approach) or consist of ...
HIV/AIDS explained in a simple way HIV replication cycle. After the virus enters the body, there is a period of rapid viral replication, leading to an abundance of virus in the peripheral blood. During primary infection, the level of HIV may reach several million virus particles per milliliter of blood. [101]
The human immunodeficiency viruses (HIV) are two species of Lentivirus (a subgroup of retrovirus) that infect humans.Over time, they cause acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS), [1] [2] a condition in which progressive failure of the immune system allows life-threatening opportunistic infections and cancers to thrive. [3]
These dying cells are resting and thus are nonpermissive for productive HIV infection. Full viral replication was limited to the ~5% of activated CD4 T cells present in these tissues; these cells die by apoptosis. [10] Abortive HIV infection occurs due to slowing of reverse transcription promoting cytosolic DNA accumulation.
In addition to HIV, HBV, and HCV, some sexually transmitted infections (STIs) can be transmitted to uninfected individuals due to the risky injection practices. [8] According to CDC, in 2013, sharing syringes was the cause of HIV infection in 3,096 out of the 47,352 patients who were newly diagnosed with the disease in the United States. [2]
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