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This damage includes large cracks in walls and foundations, buckling of driveways and roads, and jamming of doors and windows. [ 10 ] Shallow pipes, which are buried in the zone of seasonal moisture fluctuation, are put under stress by shrinking soils, [ 3 ] which can cause breakage of water or sewage pipes.
Example of flat piece of concrete having dislodged with corroded rebar underneath, Welland River bridge across Queen Elizabeth Way in Niagara Falls, Ontario. The expansion of the corrosion products (iron oxides) of carbon steel reinforcement structures may induce internal mechanical stress (tensile stress) that cause the formation of cracks and disrupt the concrete structure.
Autogenous self-healing crack. Self-healing concrete is characterized as the capability of concrete to fix its cracks on its own autogenously or autonomously. It not only seals the cracks but also partially or entirely recovers the mechanical properties of the structural elements. This kind of concrete is also known as self-repairing concrete.
The repair needed also differs based on the severity and extent of the cracking. For minor cracks, preventative crack filling is a good procedure that can help prevent future potholes from forming. In the early stages, sealing cracks with crack sealant limits further deterioration of the subgrade due to moisture penetration.
mild steel cracks in the presence of alkali (e.g. boiler cracking and caustic stress corrosion cracking) and nitrates; copper alloys crack in ammoniacal solutions (season cracking); high-tensile steels have been known to crack in an unexpectedly brittle manner in a whole variety of aqueous environments, especially when chlorides are present.
Typical crack pattern of the alkali-silica reaction (ASR). The gel exudations through the concrete cracks have a characteristic yellow color and a high pH. The fatty aspect of the exudations imbibing the concrete porosity along the cracks is also a distinctive feature of ASR. The alkali-silica reaction as a chemical cycle process