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Martensite has a lower density than austenite, so that the martensitic transformation results in a relative change of volume. [4] Of considerably greater importance than the volume change is the shear strain , which has a magnitude of about 0.26 and which determines the shape of the plates of martensite.
Tweezers made of 410 martensitic stainless steel. Martensitic stainless steels are a family of stainless steels having body-centered tetragonal (BCT) crystal structure and a predominately martensite structure. They are characterized by being magnetic and having the ability to be hardened through heat treatment.
The term "martensite" was originally coined to describe the rigid and finely dispersed constituent that emerges in steels subjected to rapid cooling. Subsequent investigations revealed that materials beyond ferrous alloys, such as non-ferrous alloys and ceramics, can also undergo diffusionless transformations.
Further excessive heat-treatment brings about the decomposition of the martensite and reversion to austenite. Newer compositions of maraging steels have revealed other intermetallic stoichiometries and crystallographic relationships with the parent martensite, including rhombohedral and massive complex Ni 50 (X,Y,Z) 50 (Ni 50 M 50 in simplified ...
However, greater undercooling by rapid quenching results in formation of martensite or bainite instead of pearlite. This is possible provided the cooling rate is such that the cooling curve intersects the martensite start temperature or the bainite start curve before intersecting the P s curve. The martensite transformation being a ...
The term hardened steel is often used for a medium or high carbon steel that has been given heat treatment and then quenching followed by tempering.The quenching results in the formation of metastable martensite, the fraction of which is reduced to the desired amount during tempering.
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The austenite is transformed into martensite, a hard body-centered tetragonal crystal structure. The quenched martensite is very hard and too brittle for most applications. Some residual austenite may remain. Tempering. Martensite is heated to around 500 °C (930 °F), held at temperature, then air-cooled.