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[17] [18] [19] Many forms of baking powder contain sodium bicarbonate combined with calcium acid phosphate, sodium aluminium phosphate, or cream of tartar. [20] Baking soda is alkaline; the acid used in baking powder avoids a metallic taste when the chemical change during baking creates sodium carbonate. [21]
The same principle works in baking. Just like baking soda and vinegar simulate a volcanic eruption, baking soda interacts with acidic ingredients in doughs and batters to create bubbles of CO 2 ...
Vinegar (dilute acetic acid), especially white vinegar, is also a common acidifier in baking; for example, many heirloom chocolate cake recipes call for a tablespoon or two of vinegar. [49] Where a recipe already uses buttermilk or yogurt , baking soda can be used without cream of tartar (or with less).
The baker has determined how much a recipe's ingredients weigh, and uses uniform decimal weight units. All ingredient weights are divided by the flour weight to obtain a ratio, then the ratio is multiplied by 100% to yield the baker's percentage for that ingredient:
[10] [11] [12] The most common liquids used in cooking are water and milk, milk having approximately the same density as water. 1 mL of water weighs 1 gram so a recipe calling for 300 mL (≈ 1 ⁄ 2 Imperial Pint) of water can simply be substituted with 300 g (≈ 10 oz.) of water.
The most common salt of the bicarbonate ion is sodium bicarbonate, NaHCO 3, which is commonly known as baking soda. When heated or exposed to an acid such as acetic acid , sodium bicarbonate releases carbon dioxide. This is used as a leavening agent in baking. [11]
These are generally referred to as baking powders. Sour milk and carbonates were used in the 1800s. Sour milk and carbonates were used in the 1800s. The breakthrough in chemical leavening agents occurred in the 1930s with the introduction of monocalcium phosphates (Ca(H 2 PO 4 ) 2 ) .
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