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2. Ion exchange - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ion_exchange

   Selective removal: Ion exchange resins can be designed to selectively remove specific ions from water. High efficiency: Ion exchange processes can achieve high removal efficiencies for targeted ions. Regenerability: Ion exchange resins can be regenerated multiple times by flushing them with a regenerating solution, extending their lifespan and ...

3. Water softening - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Water_softening

   Idealized image of cation-exchange resin performing water softening. It shows sodium ions being released by the resin, and replaced with calcium ions captured from water. Water softening is the removal of calcium, magnesium, and certain other metal cations in hard water.

4. Cation-exchange capacity - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cation-exchange_capacity

   Cation-exchange capacity (CEC) is a measure of how many cations can be retained on soil particle surfaces. [1] Negative charges on the surfaces of soil particles bind positively-charged atoms or molecules (cations), but allow these to exchange with other positively charged particles in the surrounding soil water. [2]

5. Ion-exchange membrane - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ion-exchange_membrane

   Ion-exchange membranes are therefore electrically conductive. They are often used in desalination and chemical recovery applications, moving ions from one solution to another with little passage of water. [2] Important examples of ion-exchange membranes include the proton-exchange membranes, that transport H + cations, and the anion exchange ...

6. Ion-exchange resin - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ion-exchange_resin

   Ion-exchange resin beads. An ion-exchange resin or ion-exchange polymer is a resin or polymer that acts as a medium for ion exchange, that is also known as an ionex. [1] It is an insoluble matrix (or support structure) normally in the form of small (0.25–1.43 mm radius) microbeads, usually white or yellowish, fabricated from an organic polymer substrate.

7. Electrodeionization - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electrodeionization

   The electrical potential draws anions and cations from diluting chambers, through cation or anion exchange membranes, into concentrating chambers. Ion exchange: An ion exchange resin fills the diluting chambers. As water flows through the resin bed, cations and anions become affixed to resin sites.