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Game theory is the study of mathematical models of strategic interactions. [1] It has applications in many fields of social science, and is used extensively in economics, logic, systems science and computer science. [2]
Theory of Games and Economic Behavior, published in 1944 [1] by Princeton University Press, is a book by mathematician John von Neumann and economist Oskar Morgenstern which is considered the groundbreaking text that created the interdisciplinary research field of game theory.
The topdog describes the part of an individual which makes demands based on the idea that the individual should adhere to certain societal norms and standards. These demands are often characterized by "shoulds" and "oughts".
Man, Play and Games (ISBN 0029052009) is the influential 1961 book by the French sociologist Roger Caillois (French: Les jeux et les hommes, 1958) on the sociology of play and games or, in Caillois' terms, sociology derived from play.
For 2-player games the set of imputations coincides with the core, a popularly studied concept due to its stability against group deviations. [2] The core is a solution concept of cooperative games and consists of multiple imputations, a set of distributions as a result of a game.
In game theory, a non-cooperative game is a game in which there are no external rules or binding agreements that enforce the cooperation of the players. A non-cooperative game is typically used to model a competitive environment.
Ludwig Wittgenstein is well known in the history of philosophy for having addressed the definition of the word game.In his Philosophical Investigations, [6] Wittgenstein argued that the elements of games, such as play, rules, and competition, all fail to adequately define what games are.
Zermelo's theorem can be applied to all finite-stage two-player games with complete information and alternating moves. The game must satisfy the following criteria: there are two players in the game; the game is of perfect information; the board game is finite; the two players can take alternate turns; and there is no chance element present.