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  2. Internal conversion coefficient - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Internal_conversion...

    The Band and Band-Raman calculations assume that the M shell may contribute to internal conversion to a non-negligible extent, and incorporates a general term (called "N+") which takes into account the small effect of any higher shells there may be, while the Rösel calculation works like the Band, but does not assume that all shells contribute ...

  3. Newton-second - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Newton-second

    The newton-second (also newton second; symbol: N⋅s or N s) [1] is the unit of impulse in the International System of Units (SI). It is dimensionally equivalent to the momentum unit kilogram-metre per second (kg⋅m/s).

  4. Energy–momentum relation - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Energy–momentum_relation

    This equation holds for a body or system, such as one or more particles, with total energy E, invariant mass m 0, and momentum of magnitude p; the constant c is the speed of light. It assumes the special relativity case of flat spacetime [ 1 ] [ 2 ] [ 3 ] and that the particles are free.

  5. List of equations in nuclear and particle physics - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_equations_in...

    Defining equation (physical chemistry) List of electromagnetism equations; List of equations in classical mechanics; List of equations in quantum mechanics; List of equations in wave theory; List of photonics equations; List of relativistic equations; Relativistic wave equations

  6. Kalb–Ramond field - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kalb–Ramond_field

    In theoretical physics in general and string theory in particular, the Kalb–Ramond field (named after Michael Kalb and Pierre Ramond), [1] also known as the Kalb–Ramond B-field [2] or Kalb–Ramond NSNS B-field, [3] is a quantum field that transforms as a two-form, i.e., an antisymmetric tensor field with two indices.

  7. List of conversion factors - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_conversion_factors

    See Weight for detail of mass/weight distinction and conversion. Avoirdupois is a system of mass based on a pound of 16 ounces, while Troy weight is the system of mass where 12 troy ounces equals one troy pound.

  8. Orders of magnitude (time) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Orders_of_magnitude_(time)

    ns One billionth of one second 1 ns: The time needed to execute one machine cycle by a 1 GHz microprocessor 1 ns: The time light takes to travel 30 cm (11.811 in) 10 −6: microsecond: μs One millionth of one second 1 μs: The time needed to execute one machine cycle by an Intel 80186 microprocessor 2.2 μs: The lifetime of a muon

  9. Symplectic integrator - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Symplectic_integrator

    In recent decades symplectic integrator in plasma physics has become an active research topic, [9] because straightforward applications of the standard symplectic methods do not suit the need of large-scale plasma simulations enabled by the peta- to exa-scale computing hardware. Special symplectic algorithms need to be customarily designed ...