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The lone pair makes ammonia a base, a proton acceptor. Ammonia is moderately basic; a 1.0 M aqueous solution has a pH of 11.6, and if a strong acid is added to such a solution until the solution is neutral (pH = 7), 99.4% of the ammonia molecules are protonated. Temperature and salinity also affect the proportion of ammonium [NH 4] +.
Alternative biochemistry. Silicon-based life. Like carbon, silicon can create molecules that are sufficiently large to carry biological information; however, the scope of possible silicon chemistry is far more limited than that of carbon. Silicon dioxide biochemistry. Non-water solvents. Silicon dioxide -based life.
Deamination is the removal of an amino group from a molecule. [1] Enzymes that catalyse this reaction are called deaminases. In the human body, deamination takes place primarily in the liver; however, it can also occur in the kidney. In situations of excess protein intake, deamination is used to break down amino acids for energy.
Tollens' reagent (chemical formula ) is a chemical reagent used to distinguish between aldehydes and ketones along with some alpha-hydroxy ketones which can tautomerize into aldehydes. The reagent consists of a solution of silver nitrate, ammonium hydroxide and some sodium hydroxide (to maintain a basic pH of the reagent solution).
Osmoregulation is the active regulation of the osmotic pressure of an organism's body fluids, detected by osmoreceptors, to maintain the homeostasis of the organism's water content; that is, it maintains the fluid balance and the concentration of electrolytes (salts in solution which in this case is represented by body fluid) to keep the body fluids from becoming too diluted or concentrated.
General structure of an imine. Schiff bases are imines in which R 3 is an alkyl or aryl group (not a hydrogen). R 1 and R 2 may be hydrogens General structure of an azomethine compound. In organic chemistry, a Schiff base (named after Hugo Schiff) is a compound with the general structure R 1 R 2 C=NR 3 (R 3 = alkyl or aryl, but not hydrogen).
Regulation of acid-base balance in the kidney by producing ammonium [10] Cellular energy, as a source, next to glucose [11] Nitrogen donation for many anabolic processes, including the synthesis of purines [8] Carbon donation, as a source, refilling the citric acid cycle [12] Nontoxic transporter of ammonia in the blood circulation. [13] [14]
The chemical structure of gluconic acid consists of a six-carbon chain, with five hydroxyl groups positioned in the same way as in the open-chained form of glucose, terminating in a carboxylic acid group. It is one of the 16 stereoisomers of 2,3,4,5,6-pentahydroxyhexanoic acid.