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Anogenital distance (AGD) is the distance from the midpoint of the anus to the genitalia, the underside of the vagina, the clitoris or the scrotum. It is considered medically significant for a number of reasons, in both humans and other animals, including sex determination and as a marker of endocrine disruptor exposure. [ 1 ]
The anogenital distance is a measure of the distance between the midpoint of the anus and the underside of the scrotum or the vagina. Studies show that the human perineum is twice as long in males as in females. [ 9 ]
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[53] [74] [75] [76] A study of dioxin in immature female rats induced early follicular development [77] and phthalates are known to decrease the anogenital distance in newborn rats. [65] Although this article focuses on the effects of xenoestrogens and reproductive function in females, numerous animal studies also implicate environmental ...
Sexual swelling, sexual skin, or anogenital tumescence refers to localized engorgement of the anus and vulva region of some female primates that vary in size over the course of the menstrual cycle. [ 1 ] [ 2 ] [ 3 ] Thought to be an honest signal of fertility , [ 4 ] male primates are attracted to these swellings; preferring, and competing for ...
The best known plant-derived antiandrogen is 3,3'-diindolylmethane [6] [7] found in cruciferous vegetables, which are members of the cabbage family. The compound N-butylbenzenesulfonamide (NBBS) isolated from the bark of Prunus africana , the Subsaharan red stinkwood tree, is a specific androgen antagonist and has been used as alternative ...
Rodents have been employed in biomedical experimentation from the 1650s. [1] Rodent studies up to the early 19th century were mainly physiological or toxicological.The first rodent behavioral study was carried out in 1822, a purely observational study [2], while quantitative rodent behavioral testing began in the late 19th century [1] [2].
Kangaroo rats, small mostly nocturnal rodents of genus Dipodomys, are native to arid areas of western North America.The common name derives from their bipedal form. They hop in a manner similar to the much larger kangaroo, but developed this mode of locomotion independently, like several other clades of rodents (e.g., dipodids and hopping mice).