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Doses that provide the most control of the disease also provide the largest selection pressure to acquire resistance. [8] In some cases, the pathogen evolves resistance to multiple fungicides, a phenomenon known as cross resistance. These additional fungicides typically belong to the same chemical family, act in the same way, or have a similar ...
Antagonism is often employed as a natural method to protect plants from diseases. This can occur through mechanism such as competition for space and nutrients, the production of toxins or siderophores by one pathogen to suppress another, [ 4 ] induction of host resistance, or other processes that inhibit the growth or reproduction of pathogens ...
However, disease control is reasonably successful for most crops. Disease control is achieved by use of plants that have been bred for good resistance to many diseases, and by plant cultivation approaches such as crop rotation, pathogen-free seed, appropriate planting date and plant density, control of field moisture, and pesticide use.
In agriculture, disease management is the practice of minimizing disease in crops to increase quantity or quality of harvest yield. Organisms that cause infectious disease in crops include fungi , oomycetes , bacteria , viruses , viroids , virus-like organisms, phytoplasmas , protozoa , nematodes and parasitic plants .
Harmful plant strategies – implementing existing methods and developing new technologies for the identification, exclusion, eradication, and management of invasive weeds and regulated plants. Biological control – developing technologies to allow natural enemies to effectively mitigate the impacts of invasive pests, arthropods, weeds, and ...
Plants can show many signs or physical evidence of fungal, viral or bacterial infections. This can range from rusts or molds to not showing anything at all when a pathogen invades the plant (occurs in some viral diseases in plants). [9] Symptoms which are visible effects of diseases on the plant consist of changes in color, shape or function. [9]
When the smut invades the host plant it causes hypertrophy – the host's cells increase in size and number. (The fungus also destroys the flowering structures of the plant, so it does not make seed, but the plants can still be propagated asexually by rhizome.) In an environment such as a rice paddy, new sprouts of wild rice are easily infected ...
The main control method of sheath blight is the use of systemic and nonsystemic fungicides, of systemic are considered more effective. This method produces fewer instances of disease, less inoculum and better yields. One commonly used chemical controls is azoxystrobin, a QOI that prevents the respiration of fungi. [7]