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Author-level metrics are citation metrics that measure the bibliometric impact of individual authors, researchers, academics, and scholars. Many metrics have been developed that take into account varying numbers of factors (from only considering the total number of citations, to looking at their distribution across papers or journals using statistical or graph-theoretic principles).
In 1961 Garfield received a grant from the U.S. National Institutes of Health to compile a citation index for Genetics. To do so, Garfield's team gathered 1.4 million citations from 613 journals. [8] From this work, Garfield and the ISI produced the first version of the Science Citation Index, published as a book in 1963. [10]
[3] The ranking is achieved via a composite indicator built on six citation metrics Total citations; Hirsch h-index; Coauthorship-adjusted Schreiber hm-index; The number of citations to papers as a single author; The number of citations to papers as single or first author; The number of citations to papers as single, first, or last author.
Google Scholar is a freely accessible web search engine that indexes the full text or metadata of scholarly literature across an array of publishing formats and disciplines. . Released in beta in November 2004, the Google Scholar index includes peer-reviewed online academic journals and books, conference papers, theses and dissertations, preprints, abstracts, technical reports, and other ...
The best-known author-level measures include total citations and the h-index. [16] Each measure has advantages and disadvantages, [17] spanning from bias to discipline-dependence and limitations of the citation data source. [18] Counting the number of citations per paper is also employed to identify the authors of citation classics. [19]
Citation analysis tools can be used to compute various impact measures for scholars based on data from citation indices. [6] [7] [note 1] These have various applications, from the identification of expert referees to review papers and grant proposals, to providing transparent data in support of academic merit review, tenure, and promotion ...
The h-index is an author-level metric that measures both the productivity and citation impact of the publications, initially used for an individual scientist or scholar. The h-index correlates with success indicators such as winning the Nobel Prize, being accepted for research fellowships and holding positions at top universities. [1]
Bibliometrics is the application of statistical methods to the study of bibliographic data, especially in scientific and library and information science contexts, and is closely associated with scientometrics (the analysis of scientific metrics and indicators) to the point that both fields largely overlap.