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Adrenal-dedicated CT and MRI imaging can be performed to distinguish benign adenomas from potentially malignant lesions. [12] [13] Online calculators assist radiologists in calculating the washout of contrast in adrenal nodules on CT [14] and chemical shift on MRI. [15] Hormonal evaluation can also be helpful, which includes: [11]
If an adrenal tumor is not apparent, a chest CT and abdominal CT is indicated to rule out a different tumor secreting ACTH. †ACTH as measured prior to dosing of dexamethasone [ 7 ] Equivocal results should be followed by a corticotropin-releasing hormone stimulation test , with inferior petrosal sinus sampling .
Incidental adrenal masses on imaging are common (0.6 to 1.3% of all abdominal CT). Differential diagnosis include adenoma, myelolipoma, cyst, lipoma, pheochromocytoma, adrenal cancer, metastatic cancer, hyperplasia, and tuberculosis. [3]
[2] [3] Congenital adrenal hyperplasia due to 21-hydroxylase deficiency in all its forms accounts for over 95% of diagnosed cases of all types of congenital adrenal hyperplasia. [4] Unless another specific enzyme is mentioned, CAH in most contexts refers to 21-hydroxylase deficiency, and different mutations related to enzyme impairment have ...
Two slices of an adrenal gland with a cortical adenoma, from a person with Conn's syndrome. The condition is due to: [14] Bilateral idiopathic (micronodular) adrenal hyperplasia: 66% of cases [1] Adrenal adenoma (Conn's disease): 33% of cases [1] Primary (unilateral) adrenal hyperplasia: 2% of cases
Congenital adrenal hyperplasia (CAH) is a group of autosomal recessive disorders characterized by impaired cortisol synthesis. [ 1 ] [ 2 ] It results from the deficiency of one of the five enzymes required for the synthesis of cortisol in the adrenal cortex . [ 3 ]
Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is a medical imaging technique used in radiology to generate pictures of the anatomy and the physiological processes inside the body. MRI scanners use strong magnetic fields , magnetic field gradients, and radio waves to form images of the organs in the body.
MRI is the most sensitive and specific method for adrenal hemorrhage diagnosis. [18] On MRI, haemorrhages could appear as different signals in the acute, subacute and chronic stages, which facilitates the surveillance of adrenal hemorrhage aging.