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Micrograph showing apocrine metaplasia of the breast with typical features, [4] including apical snouts with eosinophilic granules. H&E stain. Apocrine metaplasia is a reversible transformation of cells to an apocrine phenotype. It is common in the breast in the context of fibrocystic change. It is seen in women mostly over the age of 50 years.
Both apocrine and eccrine sweat glands use merocrine secretion, where vesicles in the gland release sweat via exocytosis, leaving the entire cell intact. [ 37 ] [ 7 ] It was originally thought that apocrine sweat glands use apocrine secretion due to histological artifacts resembling "blebs" on the cell surface, however, recent electron ...
Micrograph showing apocrine metaplasia of the breast with typical features [3] H&E stain. Barrett's esophagus is an abnormal change in the cells of the lower esophagus, thought to be caused by damage from chronic stomach acid exposure. The following table lists some common tissues susceptible to metaplasia, and the stimuli that can cause the ...
An apocrine sweat gland (/ ˈ æ p ə k r ə n,-ˌ k r aɪ n,-ˌ k r iː n /; from Greek apo 'away' and krinein 'to separate') [5] [6] is composed of a coiled secretory portion located at the junction of the dermis and subcutaneous fat, from which a straight portion inserts and secretes into the infundibular portion of the hair follicle. [7]
Micrograph showing apocrine-type metaplasia of the breast with typical oncocytes. [2] H&E stain. Oncocytes (left of image), as seen in a renal oncocytoma. H&E stain. An oncocyte is an epithelial cell characterized by an excessive number of mitochondria, resulting in an abundant acidophilic, granular cytoplasm. Oncocytes can be benign or malignant.
Merocrine – the cells of the gland excrete their substances by exocytosis into a duct; for example, pancreatic acinar cells, eccrine sweat glands [dubious – discuss], salivary glands, goblet cells, intestinal glands, tear glands, etc. Apocrine – the apical portion of the cytoplasm in the cell membrane, which contains the excretion, buds off.
Micrograph showing apocrine metaplasia of the breast with typical features [5] H&E stain. The exact mechanism of the condition is not fully understood, though it is known to be tied to hormone level fluctuation; the condition usually subsides after menopause and is closely related to the menstrual cycle.
The lesions must also show that tumor cells have broken through their ducts of origin to invade adjacent tissue in at least one area. Most of the tumor cells (termed type A cells [15]) typically appear somewhat more irregular than normal apocrine gland cells.