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The term can be used to refer to a government promising to take on a private debt obligation if the borrower defaults.Most loan guarantee programs are established to correct perceived market failures by which small borrowers, regardless of creditworthiness, lack access to the credit resources available to large borrowers.
Access to finance is the ability of individuals or enterprises to obtain financial services, including credit, deposit, payment, insurance, and other risk management services. [1] Those who involuntarily have no or only limited access to financial services are referred to as the unbanked or underbanked, respectively. [1] [2]
Financial inclusion is the availability and equality of opportunities to access financial services. [1] It refers to processes by which individuals and businesses can access appropriate, affordable, and timely financial products and services—which include banking, loan, equity, and insurance products.
A blocked POF letter is a letter from a financial institution or government that approves the halting or reserving of a person's funds on behalf of them. [10] Governments can reserve a country's funds by restricting the maximum amount of funds that is allowed to be spent at a certain period of time in order to control the country's cash flow. [11]
Microfinance consists of financial services targeting individuals and small businesses (SMEs) who lack access to conventional banking and related services. Microfinance includes microcredit, the provision of small loans to poor clients; savings and checking accounts; microinsurance; and payment systems, among other services. [1] [2]
Kiva's mission is "to expand financial access to help underserved communities thrive." [ 4 ] Kiva distributes funds that it receives to microfinance institutions, social impact businesses, schools or non-profit organizations [ 5 ] [ 6 ] and does not generally directly provide funds to specific individuals. [ 7 ]
Change in access to a financial account or services between 2005 and 2014 by country [2]. The term "financial services" became more prevalent in the United States partly as a result of the Gramm–Leach–Bliley Act of the late 1990s, which enabled different types of companies operating in the U.S. financial services industry at that time to merge.
The Financial Access Initiative (FAI) is an American consortium, established in 2006, of researchers at New York University (NYU), Yale University, Harvard University and Innovations for Poverty Action (IPA) focused on finding answers to how financial sectors can better meet the needs of poor households.