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[1] [7] Hypernatremia affects 0.3–1% of people in hospital. [2] It most often occurs in babies, those with impaired mental status, and the elderly. [2] Hypernatremia is associated with an increased risk of death, but it is unclear if it is the cause. [2]
Symptoms related to hypothalamic dysfunction may include abnormal sodium balance (hyponatremia or hypernatremia), high progestin levels, low cortisol levels, delayed or early-onset puberty, and low thyroid hormone. [3] Patients will also often experience a decelerated growth rate throughout childhood. [7]
As pituitary function is normal, antidiuretic hormone levels are likely to be abnormal or raised. Polyuria will continue as long as the patient is able to drink. If the patient is unable to drink and is still unable to concentrate the urine, then hypernatremia will ensue with its neurologic symptoms.
This keeps serum sodium concentration – a proxy for solute concentration – at normal levels, prevents hypernatremia and turns off the osmoreceptors. [7] Specifically, when the serum sodium rises above 142 mEq/L, ADH secretion is maximal (and thirst is stimulated as well); when it is below 135 mEq/L, there is no secretion. [8]
Symptoms of hypernatremia may vary depending on type and how quickly the electrolyte disturbance developed. [27] Common symptoms are dehydration, nausea, vomiting, fatigue, weakness, increased thirst, and excess urination. Patients may be on medications that caused the imbalance such as diuretics or nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs. [27]
Diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) is a potentially life-threatening complication of diabetes mellitus. [1] Signs and symptoms may include vomiting, abdominal pain, deep gasping breathing, increased urination, weakness, confusion and occasionally loss of consciousness. [1]
ICD-9-CM: Volumes 1 and 2 only. Volume 3 contains Procedure codes: ICD-10: The international standard since about 1998 ICPC-2: Also includes reasons for encounter (RFE), procedure codes and process of care International Classification of Sleep Disorders: NANDA: Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders: Primarily psychiatric disorders
Risk factors alcoholism Potomania (From Latin pōtō "I drink (liquor)" + mania ) is a specific hypo-osmolality syndrome related to massive consumption of beer , which is poor in solutes and electrolytes .