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  2. Energy profile (chemistry) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Energy_profile_(chemistry)

    Figure 12: An energy profile, showing the products (Y), reactants (X), activation energy (E a) for the endothermic and exothermic reaction, and the enthalpy (ΔH). The profile for same reaction but with a catalyst is also shown. Figure 13: An energy profile diagram demonstrating the effect of a catalyst for the generic exothermic reaction of X ...

  3. Potential energy surface - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Potential_energy_surface

    The progression of the reaction from reactants (H+H₂) to products (H-H-H), as well as the energy of the species that take part in the reaction, are well defined in the corresponding potential energy surface. Energy profiles describe potential energy as a function of geometrical variables (PES in any dimension are independent of time and ...

  4. Bell–Evans–Polanyi principle - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bell–Evans–Polanyi...

    The activation energy may be used to characterize the kinetic rate parameter of a given reaction through application of the Arrhenius equation. The Evans–Polanyi model assumes that the pre-exponential factor of the Arrhenius equation and the position of the transition state along the reaction coordinate are the same for all reactions ...

  5. Activation energy - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Activation_energy

    In the Arrhenius model of reaction rates, activation energy is the minimum amount of energy that must be available to reactants for a chemical reaction to occur. [1] The activation energy ( E a ) of a reaction is measured in kilojoules per mole (kJ/mol) or kilocalories per mole (kcal/mol). [ 2 ]

  6. Reaction coordinate - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reaction_coordinate

    It differs from extent of reaction, which measures reaction progress in terms of the composition of the reaction system. (Free) energy is often plotted against reaction coordinate(s) to demonstrate in schematic form the potential energy profile (an intersection of a potential energy surface) associated with the reaction.

  7. Transition state theory - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transition_state_theory

    At 298 K, a reaction with ΔG ‡ = 23 kcal/mol has a rate constant of k ≈ 8.4 × 10 −5 s −1 and a half life of t 1/2 ≈ 2.3 hours, figures that are often rounded to k ~ 10 −4 s −1 and t 1/2 ~ 2 h. Thus, a free energy of activation of this magnitude corresponds to a typical reaction that proceeds to completion overnight at room ...

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  9. Activated complex - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Activated_complex

    The transition state, represented by the double dagger symbol represents the exact configuration of atoms that has an equal probability of forming either the reactants or products of the given reaction. [5] The activation energy is the minimum amount of energy to initiate a chemical reaction and form the activated complex. [6]