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Some filamentous species can differentiate into several different cell types: Vegetative cells – the normal, photosynthetic cells that are formed under favorable growing conditions Akinetes – climate-resistant spores that may form when environmental conditions become harsh
Cyanobacteria often live in colonial aggregates that can take a multitude of forms. [3] Of particular interest among the many species of cyanobacteria are those that live colonially in elongate hair-like structures, known as trichomes. These filamentous species can contain hundreds to thousands of cells. [3]
Cyanobacteria is a phylum of bacteria. It is subdivided in only one class, containing the following orders: Chroococcales, Nostocales, Oscillatoriales, Pleurocapsales, Spirulinales and Synechococcales.
Cyanobacteria were the first organisms to achieve photosynthesis. [4] Chlorophyll and phycocyanine—two pigments contained in cyanobacteria—allow the vegetative cells to absorb light and transform it into nutrients. [4] The genus Aphanizomenon is defined as a cluster of eight morphospecies, including Aphanizomenon flos-aquae. [5]
Some types of cyanobacteria are endosymbiont and cyanobacteria have been found to possess genes that enable them to undergo nitrogen fixation. [165] Organisms typically establish a symbiotic relationship due to their limited availability of resources in their habitat or due to a limitation of their food source.
Microcystins are a group of potent heptapeptide hepatotoxins, which contains more than 85 known varieties, produced by different species of aquatic cyanobacteria. [12] Gloeotrichia echinulata are found in a variety of ecosystems, but tend to form large, potentially dangerous blooms in lakes with eutrophic and poor ecological status. [13]
The Synechococcales are a proposed order of cyanobacteria, with over 70 genera. It includes both filamentous and single-celled types. It includes both filamentous and single-celled types. References
Phycobilins (from Greek: φύκος (phykos) meaning "alga", and from Latin: bilis meaning "bile") are light-capturing bilins found in cyanobacteria and in the chloroplasts of red algae, glaucophytes and some cryptomonads (though not in green algae and plants). [1] Most of their molecules consist of a chromophore which makes them coloured. [1]