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  2. Parabola - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Parabola

    If p > 0, the parabola with equation = ... In algebraic geometry, the parabola is generalized by the rational normal curves, which have coordinates (x, x 2, ...

  3. Normal (geometry) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Normal_(geometry)

    In geometry, a normal is an object (e.g. a line, ray, or vector) that is perpendicular to a given object. For example, the normal line to a plane curve at a given point is the line perpendicular to the tangent line to the curve at the point. A normal vector of length one is called a unit normal vector.

  4. Tangential and normal components - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tangential_and_normal...

    Illustration of tangential and normal components of a vector to a surface. In mathematics, given a vector at a point on a curve, that vector can be decomposed uniquely as a sum of two vectors, one tangent to the curve, called the tangential component of the vector, and another one perpendicular to the curve, called the normal component of the vector.

  5. Evolute - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Evolute

    The evolute of a curve, a surface, or more generally a submanifold, is the caustic of the normal map. Let M be a smooth, regular submanifold in R n. For each point p in M and each vector v, based at p and normal to M, we associate the point p + v. This defines a Lagrangian map, called the normal map. The caustic of the normal map is the evolute ...

  6. Frenet–Serret formulas - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frenet–Serret_formulas

    The first Frenet-Serret formula holds by the definition of the normal N and the curvature κ, and the third Frenet-Serret formula holds by the definition of the torsion τ. Thus what is needed is to show the second Frenet-Serret formula. Since T, N, B are orthogonal unit vectors with B = T × N, one also has T = N × B and N = B × T.

  7. Parametric equation - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Parametric_equation

    In mathematics, a parametric equation expresses several quantities, such as the coordinates of a point, as functions of one or several variables called parameters. [ 1 ] In the case of a single parameter, parametric equations are commonly used to express the trajectory of a moving point, in which case, the parameter is often, but not ...

  8. Osculating circle - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Osculating_circle

    Developing the equation for , ... The normal to the curve at a ... The osculating circle of the parabola at its vertex has radius 0.5 and fourth order contact.

  9. Envelope (mathematics) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Envelope_(mathematics)

    The zero level set F(t 0,(x,y)) = 0 gives the equation of the tangent line to the parabola at the point (t 0,t 0 2). The equation t 2 – 2tx + y = 0 can always be solved for y as a function of x and so, consider + = Substituting = / gives the ODE