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[2] [6] The "discount rate" is the rate at which the "discount" must grow as the delay in payment is extended. [7] This fact is directly tied into the time value of money and its calculations. [1] The present value of $1,000, 100 years into the future. Curves representing constant discount rates of 2%, 3%, 5%, and 7%
It is the theoretical internal rate of return, or the overall interest rate, of a bond — the discount rate at which the present value of all future cash flows from the bond is equal to the current price of the bond. [3] The YTM is often given in terms of annual percentage rate (APR), but more often market convention is followed.
The discount rate is commonly used for U.S. Treasury bills and similar financial instruments. For example, consider a government bond that sells for $95 ('balance' in the bond at the start of period) and pays $100 ('balance' in the bond at the end of period) in a year's time. The discount rate is
Current Yield – But now consider how yield changes if the price of that same bond falls. If the bond mentioned above is resold for $800 it results in a current yield of 6.25%.
The yield to maturity (YTM) is the discount rate which returns the market price of a bond without embedded optionality; it is identical to (required return) in the above equation. YTM is thus the internal rate of return of an investment in the bond made at the observed price.
A discount rate [2] is applied to calculate present value. For an interest-bearing security, coupon rate is the ratio of the annual coupon amount (the coupon paid per year) per unit of par value, whereas current yield is the ratio of the annual coupon divided by its current market price.
This helps further ensure a floor to the federal funds rate. [8] Discount rate is the interest rate at which the Fed loans out its funds to eligible institutions via the discount window. This makes it unlikely for banks or other institutions to make loans at higher rates, therefore effectively setting a ceiling to the federal funds rate. [8]
Even after recent Fed rate cuts, high-yield savings accounts still earn up to 10 times the national average savings rate — and considerably more than a traditional savings account. No or low fees.