Search results
Results From The WOW.Com Content Network
As a result, the SNR (Signal-to-noise ratio) for a fixed number of detected photons can be higher than that from a PMT. Conversely, the stochastic gain of a PMT typically requires more detected photons to obtain the same SNR. Mass production of silicon electronics by multiple vendors allows SiPMs to be made very cheaply relative to vacuum tubes.
The most important refinement is a definition of the camera signal nonlinearity better adapted to cameras with a higher dynamic range. The only two other major additions are: a) the total SNR curve which includes the spatial nonuniformities, and b) diagrams of horizontal and vertical profiles for a meaningful and well-arranged characterization ...
Due to the limited full-well capacity of conventional image pixel, the pixel will saturate when the light intensity is too strong. This is the reason that the dynamic range of the pixel is low. For the oversampled binary image sensor, the dynamic range is not defined for a single pixel, but a group of pixels, which makes the dynamic range high. [2]
There are many parameters that can be used to evaluate the performance of an image sensor, including dynamic range, signal-to-noise ratio, and low-light sensitivity. For sensors of comparable types, the signal-to-noise ratio and dynamic range improve as the size increases. It is because in a given integration (exposure) time, more photons hit ...
The windows of the photomultipliers act as wavelength filters; this may be irrelevant if the cutoff wavelengths are outside of the application range or outside of the photocathode sensitivity range, but special care has to be taken for uncommon wavelengths. Borosilicate glass is commonly used for near-infrared to about 300 nm.
Dynamic Photo HDR is a photography software developed by Mediachance for Microsoft Windows, designed to create and tone map high dynamic range photos by combining multiple JPG or RAW camera images taken using multiple exposures.
The pixels are typically wide and thick e.g. 150 x 150 x 500 μm for the electron microscope pixel array detector (EMPAD) described by Tate et al. [11] This large pixel size allows each pixel to fully absorb high-energy electrons, enabling high dynamic range. However, the large pixel size limits the number of pixels that can be incorporated ...
At ALICE experiment, PMD was used to measure the multiplicity and pseudorapidity density distributions of inclusive photons at forward rapidity, spanning the range η = 2.3 to 3.9. The measurement was conducted using LHC Run 1 and 2 data by PMD in pp ( proton - proton collisions), pPb and Pbp collisions at a centre-of-mass energy of 5.02 TeV ...