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The pawn (♙, ♟) is the most numerous and weakest piece in the game of chess. It may move one square directly forward, it may move two squares directly forward on its first move, and it may capture one square diagonally forward. Each player begins a game with eight pawns, one on each square of their second rank. The white pawns start on a2 ...
In chess, luft (the German word for "air", sometimes also "space" or "breath") designates the space or square left by a pawn move into which a king (usually a castled one) may then retreat, especially such a space made intentionally to avoid back-rank checkmate. [2] A move leaving such a space is often said to "give the king some luft".
A player can either move one piece twice (this is the source of the famous trap in the "balanced" version of the game where White opening with pawn-two appears to be trivially busted by an unprincipled defense with the pawn on an adjacent file) or move two different pieces on their turn. Castling is considered a single move.
The rule ensures that a pawn cannot use its two-square move to safely skip past an enemy pawn. Capturing en passant is permitted only on the turn immediately after the two-square advance; it cannot be done on a later turn. [4] The capturing move is sometimes notated by appending the abbreviation e.p.
Examples of special pawn moves: (left) promotion; (right) en passant. Pawns have two special moves: En passant: when a pawn makes a two-square advance to the same rank as an opponent's pawn on an adjacent file, that pawn can capture it en passant ("in passing"), moving to one square behind
Staunton style chess pieces. Left to right: king, rook, queen, pawn, knight, bishop. The rules of chess (also known as the laws of chess) govern the play of the game of chess. Chess is a two-player abstract strategy board game. Each player controls sixteen pieces of six types on a chessboard. Each type of piece moves in a distinct way.
doubled pawns Two pawns of the same color on the same file; generally considered a weakness due to their inability to defend each other. [123] doubled rooks A powerful configuration in which a player's two rooks are placed on the same file or rank with no other men between them. They defend each other and attack along the shared file or rank ...
In a game of chess, the pawn structure (sometimes known as the pawn skeleton) is the configuration of pawns on the chessboard.Because pawns are the least mobile of the chess pieces, the pawn structure is relatively static and thus plays a large role in determining the strategic character of the position.