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Shiitake and oyster mushrooms have traditionally been produced using the outdoor log technique, although controlled techniques such as indoor tray growing or artificial logs made of compressed substrate have been substituted. [4] [5] [6] Shiitake mushrooms that are grown under a forested canopy are considered non-timber forest products. [7]
The Japanese cultivated the mushroom by cutting shii trees with axes and placing the logs by trees that were already growing shiitake or contained shiitake spores. [ 10 ] [ 11 ] Before 1982, the Japan Islands' variety of these mushrooms could only be grown in traditional locations using ancient methods. [ 12 ]
White-rot fungi have long since been staples of human diet and remain an important source of nutrition for people around the world. White-rot fungi are commercially grown as a source of food – for example the shiitake mushroom, which in 2003 constituted approximately 25% of total mushroom production. [40]
Definition of Spawn: Spawn is a type of medium present in mushroom tissue that propagates the fungus such as Trichoderma which is the root system of mushrooms. [ 5 ] Mycelium, or actively growing mushroom culture, is placed on a substrate—usually sterilized grains such as rye or millet—and induced to grow into those grains.
Oyster mushrooms were used to treat soil that had been polluted with diesel oil. The mushroom was able to convert 95% of the oil into non-toxic compounds. [18] P. ostreatus is also capable of growing upon and degrading oxo-biodegradable plastic bags; [19] it can also contribute to the degradation of green polyethylene. [20]
Flammulina filiformis, commonly called enokida mushroom, is a species of edible agaric (gilled mushroom) in the family Physalacriaceae. It is widely cultivated in East Asia, and well known for its role in Japanese and Chinese cuisine .