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Schwann cells or neurolemmocytes (named after German physiologist Theodor Schwann) are the principal glia of the peripheral nervous system (PNS). Glial cells function to support neurons and in the PNS, also include satellite cells, olfactory ensheathing cells, enteric glia and glia that reside at sensory nerve endings, such as the Pacinian corpuscle.
These occur when a non-myelinating Schwann cell bundles the axons close together by surrounding them. [4] The Schwann cell keeps them from touching each other by squeezing its cytoplasm between the axons. [4] The condition of Remak bundles varies with age. [4] The number of C fiber axons in each Remak bundle varies with location. [3]
The nonmyelinating Schwann cells are a subgroup of the Schwann cells characterized by not forming myelin. [1]The group of nonmyelinating Schwann cells includes the terminal Schwann cells, present at neuromuscular junctions, the Schwann cells of Remak fibers (also called Remak Schwann cells) and the Schwann cells associated to sensory structures, like tactile corpuscles and lamellar corpuscles.
Perisynaptic schwann cells (also known as Terminal schwann cells or Teloglia) are neuroglia found at the Neuromuscular junction (NMJ) with known functions in synaptic transmission, synaptogenesis, and nerve regeneration. [1] These cells share a common ancestor with both Myelinating and Non-Myelinating Schwann Cells called Neural Crest cells.
The nerve tissue culture is placed within the expansion chamber with a port for gas exchange and a removable stretching frame, which is able to separate two groups of somas (neuron cell bodies) and thus stretch their axons. [17]
Schwann cells continue to clear up the myelin debris by degrading their own myelin, phagocytose extracellular myelin and attract macrophages to myelin debris for further phagocytosis. [11] However, the macrophages are not attracted to the region for the first few days; hence the Schwann cells take the major role in myelin cleaning until then.
The distance of extracellular space between the sheath and the neuronal plasma membrane measures 20 nanometres (7.9 × 10 −7 in), allowing the neuron and its SGC sheath to form a single anatomical and functional unit. [16] These individual units are separated by areas of connective tissue.
The first is oligodendrocyte, which can be found in the mammalian Central Nervous System (CNS). The second is Schwann cells, which are found in the Peripheral Nervous System (PNS). Myelination of axons by these Schwann cells are essential for normal nerve function. Peripheral nerves rely on communication between axons and Schwaan cells. [2]