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Ancient Hebrew writings are texts written in Biblical Hebrew using the Paleo-Hebrew alphabet before the destruction of the Second Temple in 70 CE. The earliest known precursor to Hebrew, an inscription in the Paleo-Hebrew alphabet , is the Khirbet Qeiyafa Inscription (11th–10th century BCE), [ 1 ] if it can be considered Hebrew at that early ...
Leningrad/Petrograd Codex text sample, portions of Exodus 15:21-16:3. A Hebrew Bible manuscript is a handwritten copy of a portion of the text of the Hebrew Bible (Tanakh) made on papyrus, parchment, or paper, and written in the Hebrew language (some of the biblical text and notations may be in Aramaic).
The first to establish a Hebrew printing-press and to cut Hebrew type (according to Ginsburg) [2] was Abraham ben Hayyim dei Tintori, or Dei Pinti, in 1473. He printed the first Hebrew book in 1474 (Tur Yoreh De'ah). In 1477 there appeared the first printed part of the Bible in an edition of 300 copies.
In Protestant Bibles, the Old Testament is the same as the Hebrew Bible, but the books are arranged differently. Catholic Bibles and Eastern Orthodox Bibles, as well as those in the Oriental Orthodox and Assyrian churches, contain books not included in certain versions of the Hebrew Bible, called Deuterocanonical books. [87]
This table summarises the chronology of the main tables and serves as a guide to the historical periods mentioned. Much of the Hebrew Bible/Old Testament may have been assembled in the 5th century BCE. [7] The New Testament books were composed largely in the second half of the 1st century CE. [8] The deuterocanonical books fall largely in between.
The Leningrad Codex (Latin: Codex Leningradensis [Leningrad Book]; Hebrew: כתב יד לנינגרד) or Petrograd Codex is the oldest known complete manuscript of the Hebrew Bible in Hebrew, using the Masoretic Text and Tiberian vocalization. According to its colophon, it was made in Cairo in AD 1008 (or possibly 1009). [1]
The Ketef Hinnom scrolls, also described as Ketef Hinnom amulets, are the oldest surviving texts currently known from the Hebrew Bible, dated to c. 600 BCE. [2] The text, written in the Paleo-Hebrew script (not the Babylonian square letters of the modern Hebrew alphabet, more familiar to most modern readers), is from the Book of Numbers in the Hebrew Bible, and has been described as "one of ...
The earliest written sources refer to Biblical Hebrew as שפת כנען "the language of Canaan". [4] [5] The Hebrew Bible also calls the language יהודית "Judaean, Judahite" [6] [5] In the Hellenistic period, Greek writings use the names Hebraios, Hebraïsti [7] and in Mishnaic Hebrew we find עברית 'Hebrew' and לשון עברית "Hebrew language".