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The longest-lived and most abundant (nearly 100%) naturally occurring isotope of protactinium, protactinium-231, has a half-life of 32,760 years and is a decay product of uranium-235. Much smaller trace amounts of the short-lived protactinium-234 and its nuclear isomer protactinium-234m occur in the decay chain of uranium-238 .
The former occurs as an intermediate decay product of 235 U, while the latter two occur as intermediate decay products of 238 U. 231 Pa makes up nearly all natural protactinium. The primary decay mode for isotopes of Pa lighter than (and including) the most stable isotope 231 Pa is alpha decay , except for 228 Pa to 230 Pa, which primarily ...
Thorium-233 decays into protactinium-233 through beta decay. Protactinium-233 has a half-life of 27 days and beta decays into uranium-233; some proposed molten salt reactor designs attempt to physically isolate the protactinium from further neutron capture before beta decay can occur, to maintain the neutron economy (if it misses the 233 U ...
While 238 U is minimally radioactive, its decay products, thorium-234 and protactinium-234, are beta particle emitters with half-lives of about 20 days and one minute respectively. Protactinium-234 decays to uranium-234, which has a half-life of hundreds of millennia, and this isotope does not reach an equilibrium concentration for a very long ...
The Bateman equation predicts the relative quantities of all the isotopes that compose a given decay chain once that decay chain has proceeded long enough for some of its daughter products to have reached the stable (i.e., nonradioactive) end of the chain.
This page lists radioactive nuclides by their half-life.
has a relatively short half-life (68.9 years), and some decay products emit high energy gamma radiation, such as 220 Rn, 212 Bi and particularly 208 Tl. The full decay chain, along with half-lives and relevant gamma energies, is: The 4n decay chain of 232 Th, commonly called the "thorium series" 232 U decays to 228 Th where it joins the decay ...
Spectral lines of protactinium: Other properties; Natural occurrence: from decay: Crystal structure ... Decay; abundance half-life (t 1/2) mode product; 229 Pa ...