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Perfluorooctanesulfonic acid (PFOS) (conjugate base perfluorooctanesulfonate) is a chemical compound having an eight-carbon fluorocarbon chain and a sulfonic acid functional group, and thus it is a perfluorosulfonic acid and a perfluoroalkyl substance (PFAS). It is an anthropogenic (man-made) fluorosurfactant, now regarded as a global pollutant.
March 2018 The PFAS Expert Health Panel on PFAS submitted their commissioned report to the Australian government. [ 89 ] 14 May 2018 Politico gained access to the email chains and published the story in May, saying that Scott Pruitt's EPA had worked with the Trump administration to block the publication of the Agency for Toxic Substances and ...
[13] [18] [19] [8] Since PFAS compounds are highly mobile, they are readily absorbed through human skin and through tear ducts, and such products on lips are often unwittingly ingested. [20] Due to the large number of PFAS, it is challenging to study and assess the potential human health and environmental risks; more research is necessary and ...
A new EU drinking water directive issued in 2020 adopted PFAS limit values. The limit values are 0.1 μg/L for the sum of 20 PFASs including PFHxS, and 0.5 μg/L for the sum of all PFASs. This directive is binding for all EU member nations. It is a minimum directive, and member states can elect to adopt stricter regulations. [19]
Trifluoroacetic acid is a widely employed acid, used for example in the synthesis of peptides.Its esters are useful in analytical chemistry. Longer-chain perfluoroalkyl carboxylic acids, e.g. with five to nine carbons, are useful fluorosurfactants and emulsifiers used in the production of polytetrafluoroethylene (Teflon) and related fluoropolymers.
Perfluorooctanesulfonamide (PFOSA) is a synthetic organofluorine compound.It is a fluorocarbon derivative and a perfluorinated compound, having an eight-carbon chain and a terminal sulfonamide functional group.
C4-FN (C4-fluoronitrile, C4FN) is a perfluorinated compound developed as a high-dielectric gas for high-voltage switchgear. [1] It has the structure (CF 3) 2 CFC≡N, which can be described as perfluoroisobutyronitrile, falling under the category of PFAS, or per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances.
PVDF differs from PFAS in that alternating groups are hydrogen, making it less resilient to high temperatures, but also meaning that byproducts don't degrade into known hazardous PFAS. [25] However, studies examining ecotoxity have shown that very high concentrations (up to 100 mg/L) may alter jellyfish behavior, while not being toxic to them. [26]